Typology of political systems

The variety of the political systems existing in the modern world, specifies that process of their formation and functioning is influenced by set of factors: historical traditions, culture, economic development, a maturity of a civil society, geopolitical conditions etc. Prevalence of those or other factors causes their features and originality. However theoretical and practical interest represents that pulls together them, allows to reveal a role of universal mechanisms and laws of their functioning. Practical value of classifications of political systems consists in definition of sufficiency of the conditions allowing to political institutes effectively to function and successfully to carry out the political roles.

The typology of political systems is carried out on the basis of the account of various signs (bases). One of the first classifications (типологий) proceeds изхарактера their mutual relations with environment. By this criterion political systems are subdivided on closed and opened. Theclosed political systems have the limited communications with environment, are unreceptive to values of other systems and are self-sufficient, that is development resources find in such systems. Open systems actively exchange resources with an external world, successfully acquire the advanced values of other systems, are mobile and dynamical. As examples of the closed systems the former countries of a socialism (the USSR, Hungary, Bulgaria, etc.) can serve. The developed democratic states of the West represent an example of open political systems.

Enough classification of political systems by a political mode, that is on the basis of character and ways of interaction of the power, the person and a society is widespread. By this criterion totalitarian, authoritative and democratic political systems are allocated. For totalitarian political system full submission of the person and a power society, a regulation and control over all spheres of life of people is characteristic from the state. The authoritative political system is based on an absolute power of one person or a group of persons at preservation of some economic, civil, spiritual freedom

таций, ideals, the values inherent in any class, ethnos, group, party. Therefore division of political roles and functions occurs not in society scales, and in a class, group, party etc. However presence of diverse subcultures does not prevent to find the consent as there is a general cultural basis - liberal values in a society.

Доиндустриальные and partially industrial political systems have the mixed political culture. It consists of local political subcultures in which basis values of a clan, sorts, communities, a tribe lie. Therefore to find the consent and the compromise here, without resorting to violence, it is almost impossible. Integration of a society by means of violence leads to concentration of the power and influence in hands of a narrow circle of persons.

Totalitarian political systems function on the basis of a priority of class, national or religious values. The power is concentrated in hands exclusively party in power or a group of persons. It supervises all parties of ability to live of a society and the individual.

There are also other classifications (typology) of political systems, but they are much less known.