EXERCISE 10 Fill in the gaps with the correct words from the text. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. The extra sheave is needed for the deadline.

2. You can lift an object on the rig floor wrapping the rope around a ________.

3. A typical hoisting system is made up of the drawworks, a mast or derrick, the crown block,_______ _________, and the wire rope drilling line.

4. Once the last line has been strung over the ___________ sheaves, the end of the line goes down to the drawworks drum, where it is firmly __________.

5. The brake is mounted on the end of the .

6. The main brake is used for _____ and ________ the drawworks drum.

7. For heavier loads, twelve or more ________ could be strung.

EXERCISE 11 Find the definitions to the key words, using the information from the text and translate them into Russian.

The definitions:

A) a cylinder around which wire rope is wound in the drawworks.

B) a spool-shaped attachment on the end of the catshaft, around which rope for hoisting and moving heavy equipment on or near the rig floor is wound.

C) wedge-shaped pieces of metal with teeth or other gripping elements that are used to prevent pipe from slipping down into the hole.

D) it is essentially a large winch that spools off or takes in the drilling line and thus raises or lowers the bit.

E) the end of the drilling line that is affixed to the drum or reel of the drawworks.

F) an assembly of sheaves mounted on beams at the top of the derrick or mast and over which the drilling line is reeved.

G) grooved pulley.

H) a device for arresting the motion of a mechanism, usually by means of friction.

I) the drawworks drum.

J) a wire rope used to support the drilling tools.

The key words:

Cathead

Crown block

Drawworks

Sheave

Bit

Drilling line

Brake

Fastline

Drum

Spool

EXERCISE 12

1) Read and translate the text A "Rotary system components", using the words after the text.

Text A Rotary system components

Rotating equipment includes the devices that make the bit turn. On a conventional rig, the equipment consists of a swivel, an upper kelly cock, a special length of pipe called the kelly, a lower kelly cock, a kelly saver sub, the rotary table, the drill pipe, the drill collars, and the bit . Some contractors install a special system on their rigs called a top drive. It replaces many parts of the conventional rotating system; top drives are discussed in more detail later.

According to the American Petroleum Institute (API), all the pipe between the swivel and the bit, including the kelly, the drill pipe, and drill collars, is the drill stem. (The API is a trade association that sets oilfield standards and specifications.) The drill string includes only the drill pipe — not the kelly and the drill collars. Be aware, however, that practically everybody in the oil patch uses "drill string" to mean the drill pipe and the drill collars.

The words to be memorized:

drive shaft – приводной вал

drill collar –утяжелённая бурильная труба, утяжелённая штанга, воротник бура

drill stem – бурильная колонна, бурильная штанга (при роторном бурении), ударная штанга

drill string – бурильная колонна

die – плашка, оправка

gooseneck – S – образное колено трубы

slips – шлипс, клин

drive shaft – приводной вал

kelly bushing – вкладыш под ведущую бурильную трубу

master bushing – постоянная втулка

tool joint – бурильный замок

to stab – заводить конец верхней трубы в муфту нижней

mate – соединять

saver sub – переводник с перенарезаемой резьбой в бурильной колонне

threaded – с резьбой

2) Read and translate the text B "Rotary system components". Define what is IT in bold in each paragraph using the words before the text.

IT in bold in each paragraph can mean:

· Tool joints

· Kelly

· Hose

· Rotary table

· Diesel engine

· Swivel

· Drilling stem

· Drill bit

· Drill string

· Top drive

Text B

1) IT is a remarkable device. IT sustains the weight of the drill stem, permits it to rotate, and provides a passageway for drilling mud to get into the drill stem. IT also has a large bail, similar to the bail, or handle, on a bucket but much, much larger. IT's bail fits inside the hook at the rotary, or kelly, hose to IT’s side at the gooseneck. The gooseneck is a curved piece of erosion-resistant pipe. Drilling mud enters IT through the rotary hose and the gooseneck.

2) IT is square or hexagonal, instead of round, because the flat sides provide a way to make IT turn. The driller lowers IT inside a corresponding square or hexagonal openng in the kelly bushing. The kelly bushing fits into another rotating component called the master bushing. The master bushing fits inside the rotary table. Thus, as the rotary table rotates, the master bushing and the kelly bushing also rotate. Since the IT mates with the kelly bushing, IT also rotates. The pipe rotates because the crew connects it to the IT’s bottom. Finally, the drill collars and the bit rotate because the crew connects them to the drill pipe.

3) IT passes through the kelly bushing. The master bushing rotates the kelly bushing, which rotates IT. The drill pipe, drill collars, and bit rotate as well. They disappear into the rotary table where you can't see them. At the same time, the mud pump sends mud through the rotary hose and into the swivel. From the swivel, the mud flows inside and down the kelly, the drill pipe, the drill collars, and out the bit. The mud shoots out the bit and lifts cuttings up the hole to the surface.

4) The crew fits the master bushing into IT. During normal drilling operations, the master bushing drives the kelly bushing. When drilling stops and the kelly bushing is out of the master bushing, the master bushing can hold the slips.. Slips have strong, toothlike gripping elements called dies. Slips fit around the drill string and suspend it in the hole. With the drill string suspended by the slips, the crew can remove the kelly and the swivel from the drill string. The traveling block and hook no longer suspend the drill string.

5) IThangs from the traveling block's hook in place of a conventional swivel. A powerful heavy-duty motor in ITturns a threaded drive shaft. The crew stabs, or inserts, the unit's drive shaft directly into the top of the drill stem. When the driller starts IT’smotor, it rotates the drill stem and the bit. The rig therefore does not use a conventional swivel, a kelly, a rotating rotary table and master bushing, or a kelly bushing. Rigs with ITstill need, however, a rotary table and master bushing to provide a place for the slips to suspend the pipe.

6) ITconsists of the drill pipe and special, heavy-walled pipe called drill collars. Manufacturers make ITfrom steel, but they also use aluminum. ITis heavier than drill pipe, however. The drilling crew uses them to put weight on the bit to make it drill. They install them in the drill string below the drill pipe. Number of drill collars depends on how much weight the bit needs and on how much the drill collars weigh.

7) ITis a threaded piece on each end of the pipe. The pipe maker welds ITto the pipe. The crew connects the pipe with IT. ITadds a significant amount of weight to drill pipe, but not enough to make it weigh anywhere near as much as drill collars.

8) Manufacturers make two types of ITfor rotary drilling: roller cone and diamond. Roller cone have steel cone-shaped devices that roll, or turn, as the bit rotates. Most of them have three cones; some have two and some have four, however. Itsmakers mill or forge teeth out of the body of the cones, or they insert very hard tungsten carbide buttons into the cones. The teeth or inserted buttons cut, scrape, or gouge the rock as ITrotates.