Political socialisation: approaches and the basic interpretations in a political science

The theory of political socialisation was formed as a component of the general theory of the socialisation explaining vzaimootno -

шения the individual and a society. Socialisation (from an armour. socialis - public) represents process of mastering by the individual of certain system of knowledge, norms and the values allowing it to function as the full member of a society.In process of comprehension of that fact that mankind progress is connected with disclosing of spiritual potential of the person, there were the theories, aspiring to offer recipes of overcoming of accruing alienation of the person from a society, its inclusions in a context of social interrelations.

There are some treatments of process of socialisation. One of the most widespread consists in understanding of socialisation as development of personal control.It is developed Z. Freud also it is connected with ideas of classical psychoanalysis. At the heart of its theory position that the individual always is in a condition of the conflict to a society, overwhelming it biological (sexual) promptings with which he is born lies. Socialisation process consists in bridling of these destructive instincts and promptings. However society control over natural instincts creates intensity and discomfort of existence of the person which loses a freedom of expression. In this connection the requirement of the person for self-checking amplifies to avoid fear and nervousness situations.

Authors of other model of socialisation consider it as result of interpersonal dialogue.This model is based on the theory symbolical интеракционизма C.H.Kuli and J. G.Mid according to whom the person forms the "I" as a result of diverse interactions of people with world around (интеракций). In the course of interaction people react to those values which they order to stimulus influencing them, instead of stimulus. Special value is got by interpretation of thoughts, gestures, feelings of other people. Not casually supporters of the given approach have paid attention to effect of group influence on the person that has allowed to reveal value of social installations for socialisation of the person. Proceeding from it, they defined a maturity of the individual achievement of comfort by it with existing social system, that is voluntary submission of the person to installations and the system purposes.

Its characteristic as role trainingbecame prevailing model of socialisation in the western science. A theoretical basis of similar understanding of socialisation is T.Parsons's structural functionalism. The individual co-operates with other people thanks to those social roles which it acquires (a role of the teacher, a role of the child, a role of the passenger, a role of the husband etc.).