Fig. 11.1. State structure

Secondly, the state represents the special organisation of the political power possessing the special mechanism, system of bodies and establishments which directly operate a society. The state mechanism is presented by institutes of legislative, executive and judicial branches of the power. The state applies to maintenance of normal living conditions of a society also the compulsion which is carried out by means of bodies of violence - armies, order and safety protection services.

Thirdly, the state will organise public life on the basis of the right. Only the state possesses the right to regulation of life of a society by means of the laws having obligatory character. The state puts into practice requirements of rules of law by means of the special bodies (courts, administration).

Fourthly, the state represents the sovereign organisation of the power. The government sovereignty is expressed in its leadership and independence of any other authorities in the country or in mutual relations with other states. Verho -

венство the government it is shown: in общеобязательности its decisions for the population; in possibility of cancellation of decisions and decisions of not state political organisations; in possession a number of exclusive rights, for example, the right of the edition of the laws having for the population a binding character; available special levers on the population, absent at other organisations (enforcement machinery and violence).

Fifthly, the state has system of compulsory collection of taxes and other obligatory payments which provides its economic independence.

On an extent of history of mankind noted signs of the state did not remain invariable from the point of view of the maintenance and mechanisms of realisation of imperious will. They were transformed in structure of institutes of the government, their specialisation and differentiation. The parity of institutes legislative, executive and judicial authority is appreciably defined by those functions which are carried out by the state in a concrete society. The volume of these functions is caused by a maturity of economic, social and cultural spheres of a society, a role of the basic imperious institutes and principles of their formation. The mature civil society reduces quantity of the functions fixed to the state, to a minimum, leaving only the most important: maintenance of the law and order, safety of the person, preservation of the environment etc. Developing societies, on the contrary, are characterised всепроникающей by ability of the state to supervise all parties of ability to live of the person. In such countries there is no principle of division of the authorities, controls and counterbalances of three branches of the power, specialisation of political roles and functions, leadership of the right etc.