Methods of analysis

methods and analysis techniques applicable to big data, allocated at McKinsey report:.

· Class Methods Data Mining:rule learning,association classification (methods of categorization of new data on the basis of previously Applied on the longer is there data), cluster analysis, regression analysis,

· crowdsourcing- categorization and enrichment of data forces wide, an indefinite number of people, attracted on the basis of a public offer, without entry labor relations;

· fusion and integration-data a set of techniques for integrating disparate data from a variety of sources to enable in-depth analysis, as examples of such techniques, composing this class of methods provides digital signal processing,and natural language processing (including tone analysis),

· Machine learning,including training with the teacher without the teacher,as well as learning Ensemble- the use of models built on the basis of statistical analysis and machine learning for complex projections based on basic models constituent Wed. with a statistical ensemble in statistical mechanics),

· artificial neural networks, network analysis, optimization,including genetic algorithms,

· Pattern recognition,

· Predictive analytics,

· Simulation modeling,

· spatial analysi- the Spatial class methods using topological, geometric and geographic information data,

· Statistical analysis,as examples of methods are A / B-testing and time-series analysis,

· visualization of analytical data- presentation of information in the form of drawings, diagrams, using interactive features and animation for the results, and for use as raw data for further analysis of-the transaction chain blocksbuilt according to certain rules of a chain of transactions generated blocks. For the first time the term appeared as the title of a distributed database implemented in cryptocurrency"Bitcoin".Also widely used term Blockchain as a transliteration from(Eng. Block chain ^{Blockchain,Block -} a block, chain- chain)

Block Transaction

Transaction Block - a special structure for the transaction group records in the system Bitcoin:..and others like it

Тransaction is considered to be accurate ( "the confirmed"), its format and the signature must check and then a group of transactions recorded in a special structure - the block.The information in the blocks, you can quickly double-check. Each block always contains information about the previous block. All units can be built in a single chain, which contains information about all committed transactions ever in this database. The first unit in the chain - the primary unit ( block) -genesis is regarded as a special case, because it does not have the parent unit transactions..

The block consists of a header and a list of Title block includes a hash, hash of the previous block, hash transaction and additional service information. The system first Bitcoin transaction in a block is always specified to obtain a commission that will reward the user for the established flow.

Then go all or some of the recent transactions that have not yet been recorded in the previous blocks. For transactions in the block using a tree hashing,similar to the formation of hash sums for the file in the BitTorrent protocol.Transaction fees for charging besides creating unit contained within the attribute input the reference to transaction data from the previous state (at Bitcoin system, for example, reference is made to the transaction for which consumable bitcoins were obtained). Transaction Fees may contain any information in the attribute (for which this field is known as the English. parameter),Coinbase because they have no parent transaction.

Created block is adopted the other users, if the numerical value of the header hash is equal to or below a certain number, the value of which is adjusted periodically. As a result of the hash (SHA-256 function) is irreversible,there is no algorithm for obtaining the desired result, in addition to random search. If the hash does not satisfy the condition, then the title is changed parameter nonce and the hash is recalculated. Typically, a large number of calculations of the original is required. When the option is found, the node sends the resulting unit is connected to other nodes that test unit. If there are no errors, then the block is considered to be added to the chain, and the next block should include a hash of it.

The value of the target number, which is compared to the hash in Bitcoin system is adjusted every 2016 blocks. It is planned that the entire system Bitcoin network must spend a generation unit for about 10 minutes, at blocks 2016 - about two weeks. If block 2016 formed faster, the goal is slightly reduced, and it becomes difficult to achieve otherwise target increases. Changing the computational complexity does not affect the reliability of Bitcoin network and only need to system generated blocks with almost constant speed, independent of the processing power of network members.

Block chain

Figure 23-Block chain

Primary sequence of blocks (black) is the longest of the initial (green ) to the current. The side branches (purple) are cut off.

Artificial intelligence Science and technology for creating intelligent machines,especially intelligent computer programs^;

2) the property of intelligent systems to perform creative functions that are traditionally considered the prerogative of the human

AI is associated with a similar task of using computers to understand human intelligence,but not necessarily limited to biologically plausible methods AI:..

We can distinguish two directions of development of

· Problem solving associated with the approach of the specialized AI systems to human capabilities and their integration, which realized the nature of man;.the creation of artificial intelligence, which represents the integration of already existing AI systems into a single system capable of solving the problems of mankind,but at the moment there is the involvement of many people in the field of artificial intelligence domains that have more practical relevance to AI rather than fundamental. Many approaches have been tried, but the emergence of artificial intelligence, no research team has not yet been reached. Below are just some of the most well-known developments in the field of AI

Application

· Blue -Deep Defeated world chess champion.match Kasparov against a supercomputer is not brought satisfaction neither computer scientists or chess players, and the system was not recognized Kasparov(see. The person against the computer). Then IBM supercomputer line was manifested in projects brute force Blue Gene (molecular modeling) and simulation system of pyramidal cells the incenter of the Swiss Brain

· IBM development perspective, the ability to perceive human speech and to produce probabilistic search, using a large number of algorithms. To demonstrate the Watson took part in the American game«Jeopardy!»,Analogue"of the game"in Russia, where the system was able to win in both games

· -MYCIN One of the earliest expert systems that can diagnose a small set of diseases, often just the same as Dr.

· 20Qa project based on the ideas of AI, based on the classic game of "20 questions." He became very popular after the appearance on the Internet at 20q.net site.

· Speech Recognition.Systems such as the ViaVoice able to serve consumers.

· Robots in the annual tournament, RoboCup compete in simplified form of football.

Banks use artificial intelligence systems (AIS) in the insurance business (actuarial mathematics), while playing at the stock exchange, and management of the property. Pattern recognition methods (including more complex and specialized, as well as neural networks) are widely used in optical and acoustic recognition (including text and speech), medical diagnostics, spam filters, air defense systems (goals definition), as well as to provide a number of other national security issues.

2.Use of Smart-services. Green technologies in ICT.

Synonyms: SMART-approach / method
This term refers to a way of wording the immediate objectives of
so-called smart goals (from the English travel smart - smart.) - A goal that meet the following requirements direction.

Specific- concrete - determine the original motion

Measurablemeasurable - set its units

Аchievableattainable - to compare with the realities of the day and the environment
Realistic the realistic / pragmatic - to have a subsequent use of the achievements

Timeda specific time - define the date / time to achieve last.

One of the D TV manufacturers are additional possibilities of television sets under the name Smart TV. These television sets are also called "smart TVs", and they provide access to the Internet and install additional applications, as well as provide additional opportunities for media content (video files, photos, music) to the TV.

This feature will allow you to download a variety of applications to search for television content chat while watching programs on the air, to search for information on the Internet from your couch, keep in touch with friends and family, find reviews about movies and much moreTV:.

Hub -Smart is a service in which all advanced features Samsung application store browser, search, and, of course, the applications themselves. The number of available Smart Hub features may vary from series to which television belongs.

3.Teleconferences. Telemedicine.

On the Internet, there are tens of thousands of conferences or newsgroups (news), each of which is devoted to the discussion of any problems. Each conference is allocated to your mailbox on Web servers that support the work of this conference call.

Users can send their messages to any of these servers. Server periodically synchronized, that is, exchange mailbox content teleconferencing, conference proceedings therefore fully accessible to the user on any such server.

How it works in teleconferences is not much different from the principle of e-mail. The user can send their messages to any newsgroup and read messages sent by other participants.

To work in newsgroups are usually used the same e-mail programs, and that when working with e-mail, such as Outlook Express. Setting up Outlook Express to work with newsgroups is similar to configuring e-mail, you have created an account for the news, such as "Conference". Outlook Express creates the same name off older the Conference of the that is initially empty

Telemedicine - one of the areas of medicine, based on the use of modern communication technologies for remote medical care and timely advice

Basic telemedicine direction follows:Among the major telemedicine areas should be allocated as Telemedical consultations, tele-education, online broadcast operations, remote biomonitoring and home telemedicine.

Тelemedicine consultations. The telemedicine is remote consultation and diagnosis of patients are considered to be the most common and popular service. With the help of video conferencing systems between vrachёm consultant and the patient is getting better full audiovisual contact. Thus, the patient and the doctor can not only see and hear each other, but also to share graphics and text data (eg, x-ray of the patient picture doctor or license).

The medical tele-education. Health seminars, conferences and lectures broadcast videoconferencing system enable professionals of a higher level to share their knowledge and skills not only in theory but also in practice. Thus, more experienced professionals can even remotely monitor the progress of operations and to give practical advice to their colleagues.

The online broadcast of surgery. The use of webcams to transmit over the Internet a variety of information, allows for broadcast operations. This area is also used telemedicine for Tele-mentoring when a more experienced expert to remotely control the actions of their colleagues in the online mode. During the operation, one person can transmit different image medtechnics (microscope, endoscope or an operating table), applied to digital video cameras, his colleague. In addition, you can transfer and telemetry information (about the patient's state of the pressure, the frequency of its pulse rate and many others. Al.).

Home telemedicine. This area includes the provision of telemedicine physicians care for patients undergoing treatment in the home. Specially designed for such purposes, telemedicine equipment transmits and collection of patient information directly from his home.It is realized as follows: the patient to the home PC connected special complexes containing sensors for the measurement of body temperature, blood pressure and other data necessary for the medical professional. Thanks to videoconferencing systems all this information from the patient's home PC is automatically transmitted to the telemedicine center for further processing specialists. Particularly relevant home telemedicine for patients in need of regular, operational surveys (for example, people with heart disease).

Questions:

1.What is Internet of things?

2. What is Big data, technology Block Chain?

3.Give exampies to Artificial intelligence.

4.How correctly use Smart-services?

5.What are there Green technologies in ICT?

6. What advantages of ICT in teleconferences, telemedicine.?

References

1. June J. Parsons and Dan Oja, New Perspectives on Computer Concepts 16th Edition - Comprehensive, Thomson Course Technology, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc Cambridge, MA, COPYRIGHT © 2014.

2. Lorenzo Cantoni (University of Lugano, Switzerland) James A. Danowski (University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA) Communication and Technology, 576 pages.

3. Craig Van Slyke Information Communication Technologies: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications (6 Volumes). ISBN13: 9781599049496, 2008, Pages: 4288

4. Utelbaeva A.K.,Utelbaeva A.K. Study guide for lectures on discipline “Computer science”, Shimkent 2008, 84 pages.