ÃËÀÂÀ 2. ÒÎÏÎÃÐÀÔÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÀÍÀÒÎÌÈß ÂÅÐÕÍÅÉ ÊÎÍÅ×ÍÎÑÒÈ...........................................................93 4 ñòðàíèöà

ÎÏÅÐÀÖÈß ÁÝËËÅÍÑÀ È Ê¨ÐÒÅ..............................................................................................................553

ÎÏÅÐÀÖÈß ÕÈÒÐÎÂÀ..................................................................................................................................553

ÌÈÎÏËÀÑÒÈÊÀ.............................................................................................................................................553

ÐÅÇÅÊÖÈß ÂÅÐÕÍÅÉ È ÍÈÆÍÅÉ ×ÅËÞÑÒÅÉ ÏÐÈ ÇËÎÊÀ×ÅÑÒÂÅÍÍÛÕ ÎÏÓÕÎËßÕ.....................554

ÐÅÇÅÊÖÈß ÂÅÐÕÍÅÉ ×ÅËÞÑÒÈ...............................................................................................................555

ÐÅÇÅÊÖÈß ÍÈÆÍÅÉ ×ÅËÞÑÒÈ................................................................................................................556

ÎÏÅÐÀÖÈß ÊÐÀÉËÀ....................................................................................................................................558

ÌÅÑÒÍÎÅ ÎÁÅÇÁÎËÈÂÀÍÈÅ ÏÐÈ ÎÏÅÐÀÖÈßÕ ÍÀ ÃÎËÎÂÅ..................................................................559

ÈÍÔÈËÜÒÐÀÖÈÎÍÍÎÅ ÎÁÅÇÁÎËÈÂÀÍÈÅ.............................................................................................561

ÏÐÎÂÎÄÍÈÊÎÂÎÅ ÎÁÅÇÁÎËÈÂÀÍÈÅ.....................................................................................................561

ÎÑÎÁÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ ÄÅÉÑÒÂÈß ÌÅÑÒÍÎÉ ÀÍÅÑÒÅÇÈÈ ÏÐÈ ÂÎÑÏÀËÈÒÅËÜÍÛÕ ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑÀÕ......561

ÈÍÔÈËÜÒÐÀÖÈÎÍÍÎÅ ÎÁÅÇÁÎËÈÂÀÍÈÅ ÂÅÐÕÍÅÃÎ ÇÓÁÍÎÃÎ ÍÅÐÂÍÎÃÎ ÑÏËÅÒÅÍÈß........561

ÏÐÎÂÎÄÍÈÊÎÂÎÅ ÎÁÅÇÁÎËÈÂÀÍÈÅ ÂÅÐÕÍÈÕ ÇÀÄÍÈÕ ÀËÜÂÅÎËßÐÍÛÕ ÍÅÐÂÎÂ

ÍÀ ÁÓÃÐÅ ÂÅÐÕÍÅÉ ×ÅËÞÑÒÈ (ÒÓÁÅÐÀËÜÍÀß ÀÍÅÑÒÅÇÈß)...........................................................562

ÏÐÎÂÎÄÍÈÊÎÂÎÅ ÎÁÅÇÁÎËÈÂÀÍÈÅ ÂÅÐÕÍÈÕ ÏÅÐÅÄÍÈÕ ÀËÜÂÅÎËßÐÍÛÕ ÍÅÐÂÎÂ

Ó ÏÎÄÃËÀÇÍÈ×ÍÎÃÎ ÎÒÂÅÐÑÒÈß (ÈÍÔÐÀÎÐÁÈÒÀËÜÍÀß ÀÍÅÑÒÅÇÈß)......................................563

Âíóòðèðîòîâîé èíôðàîðáèòàëüíûé ñïîñîá............................................................................................563

Âíåðîòîâîé èíôðàîðáèòàëüíûé ñïîñîá.................................................................................................563

ÏÐÎÂÎÄÍÈÊÎÂÎÅ ÎÁÅÇÁÎËÈÂÀÍÈÅ ÍÈÆÍÅÃÎ ÀËÜÂÅÎËßÐÍÎÃÎ ÍÅÐÂÀ

Ó ÍÈÆÍÅ×ÅËÞÑÒÍÎÃÎ ÎÒÂÅÐÑÒÈß (ÌÀÍÄÈÁÓËßÐÍÀß ÀÍÅÑÒÅÇÈß).........................................564

Âíóòðèðîòîâîé ìåòîä...............................................................................................................................564

Âíåðîòîâîé ìåòîä.....................................................................................................................................564

ÏÐÎÂÎÄÍÈÊÎÂÎÅ ÎÁÅÇÁÎËÈÂÀÍÈÅ ÍÈÆÍÅÉ ×ÅËÞÑÒÈ ÍÀ ÍÈÆÍÅ×ÅËÞÑÒÍÎÌ

ÂÎÇÂÛØÅÍÈÈ (ÒÎÐÓÑÀËÜÍÀß ÀÍÅÑÒÅÇÈß) ÏÎ ÂÅÉÑÁÐÅÌÓ.........................................................565

ÏÐÎÂÎÄÍÈÊÎÂÎÅ ÎÁÅÇÁÎËÈÂÀÍÈÅ ÁÎËÜØÎÃΠͨÁÍÎÃÎ ÍÅÐÂÀ (ÏÀËÀÒÈÍÀËÜÍÀß

ÀÍÅÑÒÅÇÈß).................................................................................................................................................565

ÏÐÎÂÎÄÍÈÊÎÂÎÅ ÎÁÅÇÁÎËÈÂÀÍÈÅ ÍÎÑÎͨÁÍÎÃÎ ÍÅÐÂÀ.........................................................565

ÓÄÀËÅÍÈÅ ÇÓÁÀ...............................................................................................................................................567

ÏÎÄÃÎÒÎÂÊÀ Ê ÓÄÀËÅÍÈÞ ÇÓÁÀ ...........................................................................................................567

ÌÅÒÎÄÈÊÀ ÓÄÀËÅÍÈß ÇÓÁÀ.....................................................................................................................567

Ùèïöû è ýëåâàòîðû äëÿ óäàëåíèÿ çóáîâ................................................................................................567

Òåõíèêà óäàëåíèÿ çóáîâ...........................................................................................................................571

ÒÅÑÒÎÂÛÅ ÂÎÏÐÎÑÛ.........................................................................................................................................572

ÃËÀÂÀ 7. ÒÎÏÎÃÐÀÔÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÀÍÀÒÎÌÈß ØÅÈ.............................................................................................575

ÃÐÀÍÈÖÛ È ÂÍÅØÍÈÅ ÎÐÈÅÍÒÈÐÛ ØÅÈ......................................................................................................575

ÏÎÑËÎÉÍÀß ÒÎÏÎÃÐÀÔÈß È ÒÐÅÓÃÎËÜÍÈÊÈ ÏÅÐÅÄÍÅÉ ÎÁËÀÑÒÈ ØÅÈ..........................................577

ÌÅÄÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÒÐÅÓÃÎËÜÍÈÊ ØÅÈ..............................................................................................................577

ÍÀÄÏÎÄÚßÇÛ×ÍÀß ÎÁËÀÑÒÜ..................................................................................................................577

Ïîñëîéíàÿ òîïîãðàôèÿ íàäïîäúÿçû÷íîé îáëàñòè.................................................................................577

Òðåóãîëüíèêè.............................................................................................................................................578

ÏÎÄÏÎÄÜßÇÛ×ÍÀß ÎÁËÀÑÒÜ.................................................................................................................580

Ïîñëîéíàÿ òîïîãðàôèÿ ïîäïîäúÿçû÷íîé îáëàñòè.................................................................................580

Òðåóãîëüíèêè.............................................................................................................................................583

ËÀÒÅÐÀËÜÍÛÉ ÒÐÅÓÃÎËÜÍÈÊ ØÅÈ ............................................................................................................585

826 ♦ ÒÎÏÎÃÐÀÔÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÀÍÀÒÎÌÈß È ÎÏÅÐÀÒÈÂÍÀß ÕÈÐÓÐÃÈß

Ëîïàòî÷íî-êëþ÷è÷íûé òðåóãîëüíèê........................................................................................................585

Ëîïàòî÷íî-òðàïåöèåâèäíûé òðåóãîëüíèê...............................................................................................586

ÃÐÓÄÈÍÎ-ÊËÞ×È×ÍÎ-ÑÎÑÖÅÂÈÄÍÀß ÎÁËÀÑÒÜ.....................................................................................587

ÔÀÑÖÈÈ È ÌÅÆÔÀÑÖÈÀËÜÍÛÅ ÏÐÎÑÒÐÀÍÑÒÂÀ ØÅÈ, ÈÕ ÊËÈÍÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ ÇÍÀ×ÅÍÈÅ..................592

ÔÀÑÖÈÈ ØÅÈ ....................................................................................................................................................592

ÌÅÆÔÀÑÖÈÀËÜÍÛÅ ÏÐÎÑÒÐÀÍÑÒÂÀ ØÅÈ...............................................................................................593

ÊËÈÍÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ ÇÍÀ×ÅÍÈÅ ÔÀÑÖÈÉ ØÅÈ..................................................................................................595

ÏÎÂÅÐÕÍÎÑÒÍÛÅ ÑÎÑÓÄÛ È ÍÅÐÂÛ ØÅÈ..................................................................................................595

ÏÎÂÅÐÕÍÎÑÒÍÛÅ ÀÐÒÅÐÈÈ .........................................................................................................................595

ÏÎÂÅÐÕÍÎÑÒÍÛÅ ÂÅÍÛ................................................................................................................................595

ÏÎÂÅÐÕÍÎÑÒÍÛÅ ÍÅÐÂÛ..............................................................................................................................596

ÏÎÂÅÐÕÍÎÑÒÍÀß ËÈÌÔÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ......................................................................................596

ÒÎÏÎÃÐÀÔÈß ÎÐÃÀÍÎÂ ØÅÈ...........................................................................................................................597

ÒÎÏÎÃÐÀÔÈß ÑÎÑÓÄÈÑÒÎ-ÍÅÐÂÍÎÃÎ ÏÓ×ÊÀ ÌÅÄÈÀËÜÍÎÃÎ ÒÐÅÓÃÎËÜÍÈÊÀ ØÅÈ...................597

ÒÎÏÎÃÐÀÔÈß ØÅÉÍÎÃÎ ÑÏËÅÒÅÍÈß ........................................................................................................601

ÒÎÏÎÃÐÀÔÈß ÏËÅ×ÅÂÎÃÎ ÑÏËÅÒÅÍÈß....................................................................................................602

ÒÎÏÎÃÐÀÔÈß ÂÎÇÂÐÀÒÍÎÃÎ ÃÎÐÒÀÍÍÎÃÎ ÍÅÐÂÀ................................................................................603

ÒÎÏÎÃÐÀÔÈß ÂÅÐÕÍÅÃÎ ÃÎÐÒÀÍÍÎÃÎ ÍÅÐÂÀ.......................................................................................603

ÒÎÏÎÃÐÀÔÈß ÏÎÄÊËÞ×È×ÍÎÉ ÀÐÒÅÐÈÈ................................................................................................604

ÒÎÏÎÃÐÀÔÈß ÑÈÌÏÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÎÃÎ ÑÒÂÎËÀ..............................................................................................605

ÃËÓÁÎÊÀß ËÈÌÔÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ ØÅÈ...........................................................................................607

ÃËÎÒÊÀ...............................................................................................................................................................609

×àñòè ãëîòêè..............................................................................................................................................609

Ëèìôîýïèòåëèàëüíîå êîëüöî Âàëüäåéåðà-Ïèðîãîâà...........................................................................612

Ìûøå÷íûé àïïàðàò ãëîòêè è àêò ãëîòàíèÿ.............................................................................................612

Ñèíòîïèÿ ãëîòêè........................................................................................................................................614

Êðîâîñíàáæåíèå, èííåðâàöèÿ, ëèìôîîòòîê..........................................................................................615

ÃÎÐÒÀÍÜ.............................................................................................................................................................617

Õðÿùè ãîðòàíè...........................................................................................................................................619

Ìûøöû ãîðòàíè.........................................................................................................................................620

Ôèáðîçíî-ýëàñòè÷åñêàÿ ìåìáðàíà ãîðòàíè..........................................................................................621

Êðîâîñíàáæåíèå, èííåðâàöèÿ, ëèìôîîòòîê..........................................................................................621

Îñîáåííîñòè ñòðîåíèÿ ãîðòàíè ó äåòåé..................................................................................................623

ÒÎÏÎÃÐÀÔÈß ÙÈÒÎÂÈÄÍÎÉ ÆÅËÅÇÛ.......................................................................................................623

Ðàçâèòèå....................................................................................................................................................624

Êðîâîñíàáæåíèå, èííåðâàöèÿ, ëèìôîîòòîê..........................................................................................624

Îñîáåííîñòè ñòðîåíèÿ è ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ ùèòîâèäíîé æåëåçû ó äåòåé ...............................................625

ÒÎÏÎÃÐÀÔÈß ÏÀÐÀÙÈÒÎÂÈÄÍÛÕ ÆÅ˨Ç................................................................................................625

ØÅÉÍÀß ×ÀÑÒÜ ÒÐÀÕÅÈ.................................................................................................................................626

Ñèíòîïèÿ øåéíîé ÷àñòè òðàõåè...............................................................................................................626

Êðîâîñíàáæåíèå, èííåðâàöèÿ, ëèìôîîòòîê..........................................................................................627

Îñîáåííîñòè ñòðîåíèÿ è ðàñïîëîæåíèÿ òðàõåè ó äåòåé......................................................................627

ØÅÉÍÀß ×ÀÑÒÜ ÏÈÙÅÂÎÄÀ..........................................................................................................................627

Ñèíòîïèÿ ïèùåâîäà..................................................................................................................................627

Êðîâîñíàáæåíèå, èííåðâàöèÿ, ëèìôîîòòîê..........................................................................................628

ÇÀÄÍßß ÎÁËÀÑÒÜ ØÅÈ.......................................................................................................................................628

ÏÎÑËÎÉÍÀß ÒÎÏÎÃÐÀÔÈß ÇÀÄÍÅÉ ÎÁËÀÑÒÈ ØÅÈ...............................................................................628

ÒÐÅÓÃÎËÜÍÈÊÈ ÂÛÉÍÎÉ ÎÁËÀÑÒÈ............................................................................................................630

ÊÐÎÂÎÑÍÀÁÆÅÍÈÅ, ÈÍÍÅÐÂÀÖÈß, ËÈÌÔÎÎÒÒÎÊ................................................................................631

ÂÐÎÆĨÍÍÛÅ ÏÎÐÎÊÈ ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß ØÅÈ.......................................................................................................632

ÊÈÑÒÛ È ÑÂÈÙÈ ØÅÈ.....................................................................................................................................632

ÂÐÎÆĨÍÍÀß ÊÐÈÂÎØÅß.............................................................................................................................633

ÒÅÑÒÎÂÛÅ ÂÎÏÐÎÑÛ.........................................................................................................................................634

Ñîäåðæàíèå -Ô- 827

ÃËÀÂÀ 8. ÎÏÅÐÀÖÈÈ ÍÀ ÎÐÃÀÍÀÕ ØÅÈ..............................................................................................................637

ÕÈÐÓÐÃÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÄÎÑÒÓÏÛ Ê ÎÐÃÀÍÀÌ ØÅÈ.............................................................................................637

ÎÏÅÐÀÖÈÈ ÍÀ ÑÎÑÓÄÀÕ ØÅÈ..........................................................................................................................638

ÎÁÍÀÆÅÍÈÅ È ÏÅÐÅÂßÇÊÀ ÏÎÄÊËÞ×È×ÍÎÉ ÀÐÒÅÐÈÈ ......................................................................638

Äîñòóï ïî Äæàíåëèäçå..............................................................................................................................638

Ò-îáðàçíûé äîñòóï ïî Ïåòðîâñêîìó.......................................................................................................639

ÎÁÍÀÆÅÍÈÅ ÎÁÙÅÉ ÑÎÍÍÎÉ ÀÐÒÅÐÈÈ È ÂÍÓÒÐÅÍÍÅÉ

ßÐÅÌÍÎÉ ÂÅÍÛ...............................................................................................................................................639

ÎÁÍÀÆÅÍÈÅ È ÏÅÐÅÂßÇÊÀ ÍÀÐÓÆÍÎÉ ÑÎÍÍÎÉ ÀÐÒÅÐÈÈ................................................................640

ÎÁÍÀÆÅÍÈÅ È ÏÅÐÅÂßÇÊÀ ßÇÛ×ÍÎÉ ÀÐÒÅÐÈÈ....................................................................................640

ÎÁÍÀÆÅÍÈÅ È ÏÅÐÅÂßÇÊÀ ËÈÖÅÂÎÉ ÀÐÒÅÐÈÈ.....................................................................................641

ÎÏÅÐÀÒÈÂÍÎÅ ËÅ×ÅÍÈÅ ÀÁÑÖÅÑÑÎÂ È ÔËÅÃÌÎÍ ØÅÈ.........................................................................641

ÂÑÊÐÛÒÈÅ È ÄÐÅÍÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÔËÅÃÌÎÍÛ ÏÎÄÏÎÄÁÎÐÎÄÎ×ÍÎÃÎ ÒÐÅÓÃÎËÜÍÈÊÀ

È ÄÍÀ ÏÎËÎÑÒÈ ÐÒÀ.......................................................................................................................................644

ÂÑÊÐÛÒÈÅ È ÄÐÅÍÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÀÁÑÖÅÑÑÎÂ È ÔËÅÃÌÎÍ Â ÏÎÄÍÈÆÍÅ×ÅËÞÑÒÍÎÌ

ÒÐÅÓÃÎËÜÍÈÊÅ................................................................................................................................................645

ÂÀÃÎÑÈÌÏÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÁËÎÊÀÄÀ ÏÎ ÂÈØÍÅÂÑÊÎÌÓ...........................................................................647

ÀÍÅÑÒÅÇÈß ÏËÅ×ÅÂÎÃÎ ÑÏËÅÒÅÍÈß .......................................................................................................648

ÍÀÄÊËÞ×È×ÍÛÉ ÄÎÑÒÓÏ ........................................................................................................................648

ÏÎÄÌÛØÅ×ÍÛÉ ÄÎÑÒÓÏ..........................................................................................................................649

ÄÐÅÍÈÐÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÃÐÓÄÍÎÃÎ ËÈÌÔÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÎÃÎ ÏÐÎÒÎÊÀ....................................................................649

ÎÏÅÐÀÖÈÈ ÍÀ ÂÎÇÄÓÕÎÍÎÑÍÛÕ ÏÓÒßÕ.....................................................................................................650

ÎÏÅÐÀÒÈÂÍÛÅ ÄÎÑÒÓÏÛ Ê ÒÐÀÕÅÅ...........................................................................................................650

ÒÐÀÕÅÎÒÎÌÈß È ÒÐÀÕÅÎÑÒÎÌÈß..............................................................................................................651

ÂÅÐÕÍßß ÒÐÀÕÅÎÑÒÎÌÈß .......................................................................................................................651

ÍÈÆÍßß ÒÐÀÕÅÎÑÒÎÌÈß........................................................................................................................652

ÎÑËÎÆÍÅÍÈß ÒÐÀÕÅÎÑÒÎÌÈÈ..............................................................................................................653

ÊÐÈÊÎ-ÊÎÍÈÊÎÒÎÌÈß ..................................................................................................................................653

ÎÏÅÐÀÖÈÈ ÍÀ ÙÈÒÎÂÈÄÍÎÉ ÆÅËÅÇÅ..........................................................................................................653

ÐÅÇÅÊÖÈß ÙÈÒÎÂÈÄÍÎÉ ÆÅËÅÇÛ ............................................................................................................654

ÑÓÁÔÀÑÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÑÓÁÒÎÒÀËÜÍÀß ÐÅÇÅÊÖÈß ÄÎËÈ ÙÈÒÎÂÈÄÍÎÉ

ÆÅËÅÇÛ Ñ ÓÇËÎÌ...........................................................................................................................................655

ÎÏÅÐÀÖÈß ÝÍÓÊËÅÀÖÈÈ ÓÇËÀ ÙÈÒÎÂÈÄÍÎÉ ÆÅËÅÇÛ ......................................................................657

ÑÓÁÒÎÒÀËÜÍÀß ÑÓÁÔÀÑÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÐÅÇÅÊÖÈß ÙÈÒÎÂÈÄÍÎÉ ÆÅËÅÇÛ

ÏÐÈ ÄÈÔÔÓÇÍÎÌ ÒÎÊÑÈ×ÅÑÊÎÌ ÇÎÁÅ ÏÎ ÍÈÊÎËÀÅÂÓ.....................................................................657

ÎÏÅÐÀÒÈÂÍÎÅ ËÅ×ÅÍÈÅ ÂÐÎÆĨÍÍÛÕ ÏÎÐÎÊΠÐÀÇÂÈÒÈß ØÅÈ....................................................659

ÎÏÅÐÀÖÈß ÈÑÑÅ×ÅÍÈß ÑÐÅÄÈÍÍÎÃÎ ÑÂÈÙÀ ØÅÈ..............................................................................659

ÎÏÅÐÀÖÈß ÈÑÑÅ×ÅÍÈß ÁÎÊÎÂÎÃÎ ÑÂÈÙÀ ØÅÈ...................................................................................659

ÎÏÅÐÀÒÈÂÍÎÅ ËÅ×ÅÍÈÅ ÂÐÎÆĨÍÍÎÉ ÌÛØÅ×ÍÎÉ ÊÐÈÂÎØÅÈ.....................................................661

ÍÈÆÍßß ÌÈÎÒÎÌÈß.................................................................................................................................661

ÂÅÐÕÍßß ÌÈÎÒÎÌÈß ................................................................................................................................661

ÎÏÅÐÀÒÈÂÍÎÅ ËÅ×ÅÍÈÅ ÊÎÑÒÍÎÉ ÔÎÐÌÛ ÊÐÈÂÎØÅÈ......................................................................662

ÒÅÑÒÎÂÛÅ ÂÎÏÐÎÑÛ.........................................................................................................................................662

ÃËÀÂÀ 9. ÒÎÏÎÃÐÀÔÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÀÍÀÒÎÌÈß ÃÐÓÄÈ..........................................................................................665

ÎÁÙÈÅ ÑÂÅÄÅÍÈß...............................................................................................................................................665

ÃÐÀÍÈÖÛ............................................................................................................................................................665

ÂÍÅØÍÈÅ ÎÐÈÅÍÒÈÐÛ...................................................................................................................................665

Êîñòíûå îáðàçîâàíèÿ, èñïîëüçóåìûå â êà÷åñòâå îïîçíàâàòåëüíûõ ïóíêòîâ...................................665

Äðóãèå îðèåíòèðû.....................................................................................................................................665

Óñëîâíûå ëèíèè.........................................................................................................................................666

ÑÒÅÍÊÈ ÃÐÓÄÈ..................................................................................................................................................666

ÎÁËÀÑÒÈ ÃÐÓÄÈ...............................................................................................................................................666

ÃÐÓÄÍÀß ÊËÅÒÊÀ.............................................................................................................................................670

828 ♦ ÒÎÏÎÃÐÀÔÈ×ÅÑÊÀß ÀÍÀÒÎÌÈß È ÎÏÅÐÀÒÈÂÍÀß ÕÈÐÓÐÃÈß

Ñòåíêè ãðóäíîé êëåòêè..............................................................................................................................672

Ôîðìû ãðóäíîé êëåòêè .............................................................................................................................674

Ðàçìåðû ãðóäíîé êëåòêè..........................................................................................................................674

ÌÛØÖÛ ÃÐÓÄÈ .................................................................................................................................................675

Ãëóáîêèå, èëè ñîáñòâåííûå, ìûøöû.......................................................................................................675

Äèàôðàãìà.................................................................................................................................................676

ÊÐÎÂÎÑÍÀÁÆÅÍÈÅ È ÈÍÍÅÐÂÀÖÈß ÑÒÅÍÎÊ ÃÐÓÄÈ.............................................................................679

ÊÐÎÂÎÑÍÀÁÆÅÍÈÅ....................................................................................................................................679

ÈÍÍÅÐÂÀÖÈß ...............................................................................................................................................682

ÌÎËÎ×ÍÀß ÆÅËÅÇÀ.......................................................................................................................................683

Êðîâîñíàáæåíèå ìîëî÷íîé æåëåçû.......................................................................................................685

Ëèìôîîòòîê îò ìîëî÷íîé æåëåçû...........................................................................................................685

ÏÎËÎÑÒÜ ÃÐÓÄÈ...................................................................................................................................................687

ÒÎÏÎÃÐÀÔÈß ÏËÅÂÐÛ È ÏËÅÂÐÀËÜÍÎÉ ÏÎËÎÑÒÈ...............................................................................687

ÄÅËÅÍÈÅ ÏÐÈÑÒÅÍÎ×ÍÎÉ ÏËÅÂÐÛ.......................................................................................................689

ÑÈÍÓÑÛ ÏËÅÂÐÛ ........................................................................................................................................689

ÒÎÏÎÃÐÀÔÈß Ë¨ÃÊÈÕ È ÄÛÕÀÒÅËÜÍÛÕ ÏÓÒÅÉ......................................................................................692

˨ÃÊÈÅ...........................................................................................................................................................692

Äîëè è ñåãìåíòû ë¸ãêîãî..........................................................................................................................693

Ïðîåêöèè ë¸ãêèõ........................................................................................................................................696

ÃÐÓÄÍÀß ×ÀÑÒÜ ÒÐÀÕÅÈ...........................................................................................................................698

ÁÐÎÍÕÈ..........................................................................................................................................................699

ÊÎÐÅÍÜ Ë¨ÃÊÎÃÎ........................................................................................................................................700

ÈÍÍÅÐÂÀÖÈß Ë¨ÃÊÈÕ................................................................................................................................700

ÊÐÎÂÎÑÍÀÁÆÅÍÈŠ˨ÃÊÈÕ.....................................................................................................................700

ËÈÌÔÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÉ ÎÒÒÎÊ ÈÇ Ë¨ÃÊÈÕ....................................................................................................702

ÒÎÏÎÃÐÀÔÈß ÑÐÅÄÎÑÒÅÍÈß.......................................................................................................................702

ÏÅÐÅÄÍÅÅ ÑÐÅÄÎÑÒÅÍÈÅ........................................................................................................................704

Òîïîãðàôèÿ ïåðèêàðäà.............................................................................................................................704

Òîïîãðàôèÿ ñåðäöà...................................................................................................................................708

Ïîëîñòè ñåðäöà..........................................................................................................................................711

Ñòåíêè ñåðäöà...........................................................................................................................................717

Ïðîâîäÿùàÿ ñèñòåìà ñåðäöà...................................................................................................................718

Êðîâîñíàáæåíèå ñåðäöà..........................................................................................................................720

Èííåðâàöèÿ ñåðäöà...................................................................................................................................721

Âèëî÷êîâàÿ æåëåçà..............................................................................................................(....................722

Àîðòà..........................................................................................................................................................723

˸ãî÷íàÿ àðòåðèÿ .....................................................................................................................................724

Àðòåðèàëüíûé ïðîòîê...............................................................................................................................725

Êðîâîîáðàùåíèå ïëîäà............................................................................................................................726

Âåðõíÿÿ ïîëàÿ âåíà..................................................................................................................................727

Íèæíÿÿ ïîëàÿ âåíà...................................................................................................................................727

˸ãî÷íûå âåíû..........................................................................................................................................727

Äèàôðàãìàëüíûå íåðâû è ñîñóäû...........................................................................................................728

ÇÀÄÍÅÅ ÑÐÅÄÎÑÒÅÍÈÅ .............................................................................................................................728

Ãðóäíàÿ ÷àñòü íèñõîäÿùåé àîðòû...........................................................................................................728

Êàðäèíàëüíûå âåíû..................................................................................................................................728

Ãðóäíîé ïðîòîê..........................................................................................................................................730

Ãðóäíàÿ ÷àñòü ïèùåâîäà..........................................................................................................................730

Áëóæäàþùèå íåðâû...................................................................................................................................733

Ñèìïàòè÷åñêèé ñòâîë...............................................................................................................................733

ÊËÅÒ×ÀÒÎ×ÍÛÅ ÏÐÎÑÒÐÀÍÑÒÂÀ ÑÐÅÄÎÑÒÅÍÈß..............................................................................735

ËÈÌÔÀÒÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÓÇËÛ ÏÎËÎÑÒÈ ÃÐÓÄÈ................................................................................................736

ÒÅÑÒÎÂÛÅ ÂÎÏÐÎÑÛ.........................................................................................................................................738

Ñîäåðæàíèå ♦ 829

ÃËÀÂÀ 10. ÎÏÅÐÀÖÈÈ ÍÀ ÃÐÓÄÍÎÉ ÊËÅÒÊÅ È ÎÐÃÀÍÀÕ ÏÎËÎÑÒÈ ÃÐÓÄÈ..............................................741








Äàòà äîáàâëåíèÿ: 2016-07-09; ïðîñìîòðîâ: 1281;


Ïîèñê ïî ñàéòó:

Ïðè ïîìîùè ïîèñêà âû ñìîæåòå íàéòè íóæíóþ âàì èíôîðìàöèþ.

Ïîäåëèòåñü ñ äðóçüÿìè:

Åñëè âàì ïåðåí¸ñ ïîëüçó èíôîðìàöèîííûé ìàòåðèàë, èëè ïîìîã â ó÷åáå – ïîäåëèòåñü ýòèì ñàéòîì ñ äðóçüÿìè è çíàêîìûìè.
helpiks.org - Õåëïèêñ.Îðã - 2014-2024 ãîä. Ìàòåðèàë ñàéòà ïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ äëÿ îçíàêîìèòåëüíîãî è ó÷åáíîãî èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ. | Ïîääåðæêà
Ãåíåðàöèÿ ñòðàíèöû çà: 0.041 ñåê.