Study the article. Note down key words and specify them.

All drugs are dispensed with a patient instruction leaflet, also known as a drug information leaflet, that provides important information relating to the use of the drug. The most important points in this package insert will be explained by the doctor or pharmacist but it is vital that every patient reads and understands the information on the leaflet.

Drug indications are those diseases, signs and symptoms that may be treated by using a specific drug. A drug indication does not suggest complete resolution, total relief or a cure from using the drug but is based on success achieved in clinical trials.
For example : Paracetamol is indicated for pain and fever.

Contraindications refer to those conditions, physical, mental or emotional state as well as other signs and symptoms which may be present where a specific drug should not be used. A contraindication indicates that by using the drug in these instances, there is a chance of side effects and complications arising. Drug contraindications should not be ignored as these warnings are based on clinical research and the understanding of the potential pharmacological hazards of certain chemical interactions.
For example : Aspirin is contraindicated in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding.

Side effects are the signs and symptoms that may arise as a result of using a specific drug. These complications are usually due to the pharmacological action of the drug, dependent on the dose, frequency and duration of use as well as the individual sensitivity and tolerance of the user.
For example : Nausea and vomiting are common side effects of antibiotics.

Warnings related to a specific drug serve as notice to inform the patient that there may be risk in using the drug in certain diseases or medical states. A warning is not a definite indication that the drug may cause any complications but should be used cautiously or avoided altogether in certain cases.
For example : Hormone replacement drugs high in progesterone should be used cautiously in patients with cardiovascular disease.

9.
Using the prescribed information, choose the most appropriate antibiotic for these patients.
1. A 4-year-old-boy with meningitis due to pneumococcus. He is allergic to penicillin.
2. A 67-year-old man with a history of chronic bronchitis now suffering from pneumonia. The causative organism is resistant to tetracycline.
3. A 27-year-old woman with urinary tract infection in early pregnancy.
4. A 4-year-old gilr with a septic arthritis due to to haemophilus influenzae.
5. An 18-year-old man with left leg amputation above the knee following a road traffic accident.
6. A 50-year-old woman with endocarditis caused by ctrep.viridans.
7. A 13-year-old girl with disfiguring acne.
8. An 8-year-old boy with tonsillitis due to ß-haemolytic streptococcus.
9. A 43-year-old dairyman with brucellosis.
10. A 4-year-old unimmunized sibling of a 2-year-old boy with whooping cough.

Using Lay Terms in Explanations
Explanations should be given in words the patient will understand, avoiding medical jargon. Using lay terms – words familiar to people without medical knowledge – can help patients undertand explanations.
Some lay terms for medication