EXERCISE 11 Open brackets and use active or passive form of the verb.
1. At the gathering center, the oil (to treat) __________ to bring it up to pipeline and refinery specification.
2. When high-pressure gas (to expand) __________ to a lower temperature, considerable cooling takes place.
3. Trunk lines (to connect) __________ the gathering center to the refinery or tanker terminal
4. Most internal devices (to install) __________ in the vapor section to remove liquid droplets from the gas.
5. Internal devices (to use) __________ in separators to speed up the separation process and reduce the size and cost of the separator.
EXERCISE 12 Insert the omitted words from the text
1. Water and dissolved salts can seriously corrode chokes, valves and pipe walls, and must therefore__________ the crude before it is transported.
2. Natural gas may also require treatment at the gathering center, particularly if it contains__________.
3. In product pipelines, pigs can be used to separate two or more different oil products, which__________ at the same time through a single line.
4. Improper selections of __________can reduce the capacity of the separator by as much as 50%.
5. Coalescing devices should not be installed if there is a likelihood they will become plugged with__________ or__________.
6. This device causes the liquid entering the separator to change __________ and prevents it from __________out to the middle of the vessel and thereby reducing the effectiveness of the vapor section.
| Internals, corrosive products, direction, water vapor, wax, sand, are being sent, be removed from, flowing. |
EXERCISE 13 Translate into Russian in written form.
1. Chemical injection equipment consisting of a chemical tank, a chemical pump and some method to determine flow rate is usually applied as one of the ways to fight corrosion by means of corrosion inhibitors.
2. After thermal and chemical treatments emulsion comes to the settler, where water is separated from oil and drained into disposal system and oil goes to storage tanks.
3. When the tank is filled the oil jet under pressure lifts the internal check-valve lid, and when oil pumping is stopped the internal check-valve lid under its own weight comes down to its place closing the pipe.
4. I he pig was successfully launched through the pig launcher but by that time wax buildup was so high that the pig got stuck and did not arrive to the pig receiver.
5. Oil gathering facilities collect oil from well clusters transported in pipeline system through pumping stations for treatment and further delivery into the trunk line.
EXERCISE 14 Translate into English in written form.
Замеры емкости
В последние годы начали применять устройство автоматического замера емкостей. Это устройство состоит из металлической рулетки в корпусе с поплавком на ее конце, который располагается на поверхности нефти в емкости. Лента рулетки проходит через верх емкости, спускается с ее внешней стороны и проходит через считывающее устройство. Другой конец ленты рулетки свернут кольцами ниже считывающего устройства, которое расположено на удобной для просмотра с земли высоте. Отметки на проходящей через считывающее устройство ленте показывают уровень нефти в емкости, который можно видеть через смотровое окошко в устройстве. Данное устройство может быть также адаптировано для постоянной регистрации данных замеров емкости.
UNIT II
CHAPTER I
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