Identify the function of the gerund. Translate the sentences.

1. Getting the nuclear powers to take even these less difficult steps will be hard. Getting them to commit to total nuclear disarmament will be harder. (I.H.T.)

2. Developing and implementing the NMD (a National missile defense system) will require either amendment of the 1972 ABM treaty or U.S withdrawal from one treaty. (R.J )

3.Russia can either not agree to amendment of the treaty, or it can agree on negotiations. This scenario would lead to sharply worsening Russian-American relations and increase the probability of a new “ Cold War”. (R.J .)

4.Amending the ABM treaty would not signify defeat for Russia, it would make the U. S. project subject to restrictions that would only be in Russia's security interests. (R.J.)

5. There is no denying that nuclear weapons in the hands of extremists willing to use them would produce terrorism of a wholly new magnitude. ( T. )

6. Halting the spread of arms and reducing and eventually eliminating all weapons of mass destruction are major goals of the U.N. (I.H.T.)

7. There can be no doubt that undermining the1972 ABM treaty and the1974 protocol to it would bring a halt to the Moscow-Washington arms control dialogue and could well lead to the increased militarization of space (M.T.)

8.The abrogation of the ABM treaty would immediately open the way to two new types of offensive strategic weapons: space-based anti-missile systems capable of destroying ICBM, either in the atmosphere or in space (or, potentially, on the ground). (I.H.T.)

9. Now is an appropriate time to propose to the new U.S. administration and to the world community at large the idea of concluding a multilateral agreement on the inviolability of manned spacecraft, non-military satellites and non-offensive military satellites. (G )

10. An agreement to prevent the militarization of space by protecting manned aircraft and satellites would be a further practical step toward bolstering global security at the dawn of the new millennium. (G.)

11 One decisive factor in winning deputies approval was the fact that some 60 percent of the cash for dismantling will go to infrastructure projects in the areas where the weapons are stockpiled. (M.T.)

12.The organization for the Prohibition of Chemical weapons on Friday welcomed Russia's progress towards accepting a global arms ban arid said it hoped other countries would take inspiration from the move.

13. The U.S. President made it clear that he is committed to deploying a missile defense quickly, and to starting work on a comprehensive system outside the constraints of the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty.