Fill in the gaps with the following words and word combinations. subjected / withstand / consume / linear chains / assumes

subjected / withstand / consume / linear chains / assumes

1. Bdellovibrios are Gram negative bacteria that ______________ a wide variety of other Gram negative bacteria by burrowing into the prey periplasm and breaking down the prey cytoplasm for food, digesting the prey from the inside out.

2. Cells growing on small electrodes and monitored by using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing are ______________ to currents, resulting in severe electroporation and subsequent cell death.

3. Muller’s theory ______________ that every individual undergoes an independent trial by selection.

4. Mechanical properties of synthetic materials are generally designed to ______________ some external force over a given period of time.

5. One particularly important function of amino acids is to serve as the building blocks of proteins, which are just ______________ of amino acids, or more precisely, amino acid residues.

Translate into Russian

1. The higher mating pressure might have advanced the sampling' of the responsive sector by a day, exhausting the sensitive cells by the 9-th rather than the 10-th day.

2. The fluctuation in the lethal rate was compared with that for non-disjunction induced in the same population of treated cells.

3. The response of the meiotic spermatocytes to the induction of the sex-linked recessive lethals must have accordingly been considerably lower than that of the early spermatids.

4. The single cross-over recovered on the 8’Th day, therefore, must have been the outcome of the sampling of a few spermatocytes among the spermatid stages. This is probably another manifestation of the non-synchronous development of the germ- cell stages, analogous to that inferred from the analysis of non-disjunction.

5. There could be no doubt, therefore, that sensitivity to the induction of deletions did extend to the meiotic spermatocytes.

6. The curve for the deletions is interposed between those for the other two aberrations, and showed a larger area of overlap with that for non-disjunction. The median for the non-disjunction curve represents the highest sampling of spermatocytes during meiosis, while that for the XO males (which occurred before the incidence of non-disjunction) must represent the maximal utilization of early spermatids.

7. Some variation in the blood mutation relationship must be introduced through differences in sperm ejaculation, which would be influenced mainly by the quantity of mature sperm.

8. This compound was shown to be specifically mutagenic.

9. In fact, however, a broad measure of agreement does exist between workers in this field.

10. The yield of X0 males and non-disjunction females was found to follow identical patterns: both peaked on the 8-th day.

11. The response to the lethals has convincingly been shown to be highest in spermatids, thus leaving no doubt that these stages must also be hypersensitive to the induction of X0 males.

12. Strangio's procedure differed from that used in the present study.

13. The sensitivity pattern for deletions differed from that for the other genetic aberrations, in so far as the high response to their induction was not restricted to the early spermatids.

14. Evidence was also available that the aberrations scored as deletions were predominantly genuine, rather than the outcome of some other phenomena such as forward point mutations and crossing-over. It is virtually certain, therefore, that the induction of deletions does extend to the meiotic spermatocytes.

15. The above conclusion is in harmony with Bateman's observation as regards the induction of deleted X-s (hyperploid females) and small deletions (which were inferred from the crossing- over data).