Fill in the gaps with the following words and word combinations

equilibrium point / displacement / mutually staggered / oscillations / repulsive forces

1. For fusion to take place, it has to overcome huge ______________ due to the strong hydration repulsion between hydrophilic lipid head groups.

2. As the fluctuations increase, the period and the amplitude of the ______________ is more dispersed, and the phase coherence decreases.

3. It has been suggested that approximately 12,000 years ago there was a ______________ of the Earth's crust. The entire outer shell of the earth moved approximately 2,000 miles.

4. The ______________ is the point when the object that was oscillating is at rest.

5. Each molecule comprises three sequences (a chains) ______________ by 1 residue in the order a1-a2-a1.

Translate into Russian

1. Athanasius Kircher, in the 17-th century, was the first to employ the microscope systematically in the study of diseases, though his interpretations were not correct.

2. The cell theory was quickly extended to unicellular organisms: it was recognized that Protozoa are animals consisting of a single cell (von Siebold, 1845) and it was Haeckel who divided the animal kingdom into its two most important groups; Protozoa and Metazoa.

3. In the animal body carotenes are often deposited in the skin cells, giving the skin a deep colouring. They are widely distributed pigments in the plant kingdom. It is from these substances, particularly the β-carotene, that animal tissues synthesize vitamin A.

4. The higher the temperature of the liquid, the more rapid is the thermal agitation of the molecules and therefore the more frequent the bombardment of the particles.

5. Protoplasm can be considered to be a heterogeneous colloidal system made of a frame-work of filaments, membranes, etc., which are dispersed in a watery medium.

6. The weak Van der Waals forces are affected by changes in temperature and by the organic solvents.

7. A whole system of submicroscopic membranes has been observed to pervade the ground cytoplasm, forming the so-called endoplasmic reticulum.

8. These rates appear to be either independent of growth rate or directly proportional to it, depending upon the factor used to limit the growth of the culture.

9. We state this as a third hypothesis which is to be compared with those already presented.

10. Thus, mutations in non-replicating DNA will be able to occur throughout most of the division cycle regardless of generation time, and would therefore be expected to accumulate independently of generation time, even though the fraction of the cycle devoted to DNA synthesis might be quite variable.

11. With these mutagens we also find that the dependence of mutation rate upon generation rate is the same whether cultures are limited with tryptophan or glucose.

12. To ensure identity during irradiation (as regards dose and exposure conditions), a single treatment was given to all the males used in each of the X and ɣ-radiation series of genetical tests. The irradiated males in each series were then divided into 6 batches, each being used for a separate progeny fractionation experiment.

13. The recurrence of the same recombinant in the progeny of individual males would then be a manifestation of localized induction of crossing-over at the same chromosome site in different spermatocytes, rather than the multiplication of the same recombinant by spermatogonial mitoses.