V. Study the meaning and use of these items of your essential vocabulary.

Foodis a general term for anything that people eat: bread, meat, fish, vegetables, fruit, milk, tinned goods, sweets, etc. e. g. Man can't live without food. The doctor said that the patient needed good nourishing food. Where do you buy your food?

Mealis a generalizing collective term for breakfast, lunch, tea, dinner and supper (cf. the Russian arch, трапеза) е. g. How many meals a day do you have? Supper is an evening meal. I don't want any hot meal; I think I'll do with a snack.

Courseis a dish served at a meal; a part of a meal served at one time. e. g. Dinner may consist of two or more courses. What shall we take for our second course? Soup was followed by a fish course.

To frymeans "to cook (or be cooked) in boiling fat". We usually fry fish, potatoes, eggs, bacon, pancakes, etc.

To roastmeans "to cook (or be cooked) in an oven or over an open fire." In this way we may cook meat (veal, pork), fowl (chicken, turkey), etc.

To stewmeans "to cook by slow boiling in a closed pan with little water." In this way meat may be cooked, also vegetables, fruit, etc.

Starter(pl -s) is a dish served before or at the beginning of a meal (it may be salad, fish, olives, soup, fruit juice, etc.) Hors d'oeuvre(pl -s) is usually used on menu-cards.

Omeletteis eggs beaten together with milk and fried or baked in a pan. The English for яичница is "fried eggs". We eat fried eggs, soft-boiled eggs, hard-boiled eggs, scrambled eggs, poached eggs, four-minute boiled eggs.

Porridgeis a dish of oatmeal or other meal (buckwheat, semolina, millet, etc.) boiled in some water. Milk and sugar or milk and salt are added to it.

Toastis sliced bread made brown and crisp on the outside by heating in a toaster. Toast is placed on a toast-rack.

Chipsare fried pieces of potato, often eaten with fried fish.

Soft drinksare lemonade, fruit drinks, fruit juice, etc.

Strong drinksare wine, liqueurs, brandy, vodka, etc.

Jellyis usually made by boiling fruit (cranberries, strawberries, raspberries, gooseberries, currants, apricots, etc.) and sugar. Something is added to make the mixture stiff.

Marmaladeis a kind of jam made from orange or lemon cut up and boiled with sugar.

Puddingis a very popular English dish. It is a thick mixture of flour; suet, meat, fruit, etc., cooked by boiling, steaming or baking. There are many kinds of pudding. Some are quite substantial and serve as the main course of lunch or dinner. Others are rather like sweet cake and eaten dessert.

VI. Insert the words food, dish, meal or course.

1.The second …….. was veal with mashed potatoes. 2. She put apples and oranges on the china ….... 3. The usual ………. in England are breakfast, lunch, tea anddinner. 4. What is your favourite ……..? – Mine is roast chicken. 5. Beefsteak, chop, roast beef, rump steak are meat ……... 6. Many people like to have a hearty …... in the morning. 7. What is the ………. time for lunch in England? 8. Who usually washes the ……... after dinner? 9. In the evening a light ……….. is recommended. 10. A dish is a particular kind of …….. 11. What would you like for the first ……...? 12. There were no vegetable …….. on the menu. 13. The dinner consisted of three ..........