International Law

International law (международное право (совокупность норм, с помощью которых государства устанавливают приемлемые стандарты в различных областях взаимоотношений между государственными органами и гражданами разных стран)) is a body of laws, regulations, and accepted practices by which different nations throughout the world interact with each other as well as with their own citizens and citizens of other countries. There are two basic categories of International Law, public International Law and private International Law, although the two tend to overlap frequently. Public International Law deals with relationships between different nations or between a nation and persons from another country. Private International Law generally deals with individual concerns, such as civil or human rights issues, not only between a government and its own citizens but also in how its citizens are treated by other nations.

International Law is developed and agreed upon by those that make up the international system, but not every nation state is a member or has a part in the process. Most nations are said to comply with International Law, but that appears questionable considering the number of human rights violations still occurring around the world. While the International community does attempt to hold all nations to International Law, it is not always feasible. Force may be necessary in order to ensure compliance, and the International community is generally against the use of force except in the most dire circumstances.

There are also cultural issues that play a part in acceptance of and compliance (соответствие) with International Law. Some nations have a theocratic, or religious, government rather than a secular one and feel more bound to the tenets of their faith than to man-made law. In some cases, what most of the world views as human rights (права человека) violations according to International Law, may be viewed by some nations as acceptable actions or punishments prescribed by religion. This can create very sensitive situations. The United Nations (UN) is probably the most well recognized of all International institutions. It has influence over the world community as a whole as well as individual nations. The UN is supposed to establish and protect peace and cooperation between nations and to ensure that people are treated humanely (гуманно, человечно) by their own as well as by other governments and groups. While many nations have agreed to the UN Charter (Устав ООН), they still retain (сохранять) sovereignty. Few would agree to live completely under UN rule, especially in light of recent scandals and the inability of the institution to achieve its goals. The United Nations has unfortunately been plagued by scandals and perceived incompetence over the years. Critics give the Oil for Food program and the ineffectiveness in protecting human rights in the Rwanda genocide and more recently the Darfur region of Sudan, as examples. As the world seems to grow smaller, with people interacting on a global scale, International Law seems to make sense. However, it must continue to evolve and it must be applied evenhandedly (беспристрастно). It is also necessary for those with the duty to enforce it to be seen as being up to the task.