Text for comprehension. Courts

The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation is the judicial organ of constitu­tional control, performing judicial power self-dependently and independently by means of the constitutional court proceedings. The authorities, order of establishment and activities of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation are set forth by federal constitutional law.

The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation is the highest judicial organ for civil, criminal, administrative and other cases within the competence of the courts of gen­eral jurisdiction. The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation carries out supervi­sion over activities of the courts of general jurisdiction, including military and spe­cialized federal courts in the procedural forms prescribed by federal law. The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation within its competence exercises cassa-tional review as a court of second instance, exercises supervisory powers and acts upon newly discovered evidence, and also, in the cases prescribed by federal law -handles cases as a trial court.

District court within its competence handles cases as trial court, exercises cassational review as a court of second instance and exercises other powers provided by federal constitutional law. District court is a direct higher judicial instance for the Justices of the Peace, functioning within the territory of the appropriate judicial district. The au­thorities, order of establishment and activities of district court are set forth by federal constitutional law.

Military courts are established according to the territorial principle in the places where military troops and fleets are situated, and perform judicial power in the troops, bodies and formations where federal law provides for military service. Mili­tary courts within their competence handle cases as trial courts, exercise cassational review as courts of second instance, exercise supervisory powers and act upon newly discovered evidence. The authorities, order of establishment and activities of military courts are set forth by federal constitutional law.

The Supreme Court of Arbitration of the Russian Federation is the highest judicial
organ solving economic disputes and other cases considered by the courts of arbitra­
tion. The Supreme Court of Arbitration of the Russian Federation is a direct higher
Judicial instance for the federal circuit courts of arbitration and courts of arbitration
of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The Supreme Court of Arbitration of the
Russian Federation carries out judicial supervision over activities of the courts of ar-
bitration in procedural forms prescribed by federal law.