Political systems are different all over the world.

In most countries, when a political party wins a majority(51% or more) of seats in an election, they become the government of the country, their leader (the head of the party / person in control) becomes Prime Minister and they are in power. The government must have policiesorprograms of action to run the country. This means, for example, an economic policy, and a foreign policy - actions taken by the country in other parts of the world. There are different types of government:

· Monarchy –a state ruled by a king or a queen. There are also countries that have a monarchy, but the monarch is not the ruler, e.g. The United Kingdom.

· Republic – a state governed by representatives (men or women chosen by the people) and a president, e.g. USA or France. People who believe in this system are called republicans.

· Democracy –a system of government in which leaders are chosen by the people, e.g. France or the UK. People who believe in this system are democrats.

· Dictatorship –asystem of government in which one person rules the country and has total power. This person is called a dictator.

Political positions and political beliefs sometimes mean different things in different countries. In Britain we can talk about someone’s political position like this: left-wing / on the left, middle of the road / in the centre, right-wing / on the right. In a democracy, people vote for / elect a political party that they want to form the government. They do this in an election,andin many countries elections take place / are held every four or five years.

1. Read and translate the text:

The Republic of Kazakhstan is a rapidly developing economy that is the pride and envy of many in the Central Asian Region. It is indeed a measure of the Republic’s economic progress and dynamism that foreign investors and businessmen are attracted to attend various congresses and forums with a view of seeking whatever business and economic opportunities that exist. Important concrete and tangible business deals are concluded through the connectivity and interactions provided by these sessions. Such conferences have proven over the years to be a useful platform for discussion and dialogue for all levels of participants. A wide range of significant issues are included in the agenda of such forums so as to meet the specific requirements of Kazakhstan and the variegated interests of participants attending them. The business community of our country convincingly demonstrates an encouraging development as it is progressively moving towards becoming a matured platform for constructive dialogue and economic collaboration.

Blessed with huge deposits of oil, gas and extractive minerals, our country undoubtedly possesses all the chances of becoming the biggest economy in the Central Asian Region. Political stability, investment-friendly policies and sound human capital offer tremendous potentials for trade, investment and economic collaboration. In today’s fast-paced world connectivity between people and nations is indeed crucial to assure success. Despite being a landlocked country, Kazakhstan is very much connected to the international community through land and air. Of particular significance is the International Transport Corridor (ITC) North-South Route which links together important economies such as Russia, Iran, and India with Kazakhstan by road thus greatly facilitating cargo transportation and capital transfer across national boarders.

2. Write a paragraph about the political system in your country. Make use of the following:

3. Match a line in A with a line in B:

4. Read and translate the text: