The Internet 2: the World Wide Web
The connection of networks throughout the world forms the Internet which provides a range of different services, such as email, newsgroups, and file transfer. One of the newest and most popular services on the Internet is the World Wide Web which is commonly referred to as the Web, or simply as WWW.
A web browser program provides a graphical user interface for the Internet allowing users to view linked documents called WebPages. When a user clicks on a WebPages link, or hyperlink, the browser fetches and displays the linked webpage. Linked WebPages may be stored on different servers in different parts of the world. A set of hyperlinked WebPages stored on the same web server is known as a website. Websites are available for an enormous range of topics, including news, sports, entertainment, education, and sale of goods.
Because there are so many websites on the Web, it is often difficult to find the information you are looking for. Special websites have been set up that use programs called search engines to search the Web for the information you need. Normally, you fill in a form on a search webpage to indicate what you are looking for and then click a search button to start the search engine. After searching the Web, it displays a webpage with hyperlinks to the websites that contain the information you are looking for. One of the most popular search engine websites is called Yahoo. When you find a webpage that you want to return to, you can store a hyperlink to the webpage in a bookmark or favorites area of the browser. (Note US spelling of favorites.) When you want to return to the webpage, you only need to click on the appropriate bookmark.
Each webpage has a unique web address sometimes known as a uniform resource locator (URL). Web addresses often start with http:// www, and each part of the web address is separated by a dot (.) or a slash (/). Http stands for hypertext transfer protocol, which is the standard way of communicating on the World Wide Web. A typical browser program has the following components:
| Component | Function |
| title bar | display the title of the current webpage |
| menu bar | provides access to drop-down menus of program features |
| toolbar | provides button icons for using the most common browser features |
| status bar | gives information about the current status of the program |
| address box | displays the current webpage address |
A typical browser toolbar has a variety of buttons including the following:
| Button Icon | Function |
| back | displays the previous visited webpage |
| forward | displays the next visited webpage |
| refresh | refreshes the current webpage display |
| home | goes to the first page set on the browser |
| search | goes to a web search engine |
14 The Internet 2: the World Wide Web
Tuning-in
Task 1 Work in groups. Study this page from the Yahoo search engine
(http://www.yahoo.com). Which category is the best one to search in for this information?
1 a new treatment for cancer 5 the phone number of the White House
2 new Hollywood movies 6 a video of a black hole developing
3 the Italian word for computer 7 Tibetan Buddhism
4 the main news stories in the US 8 unemployment statistics for Germany
Reading: Webpages
Task 2 Study these sample webpages. Classify them as:
1 news 2 sport 3 entertainment 4 education
Task 3 Now match each webpage to the correct text.
| A В С D | Offering unparalleled access to world news and current affairs, the Internet lets you keep up with the latest stories as they happen. Newspapers from around the world are available online, andTV news services, such as CNN (Cable News Network) and Sky TV, offer excellent coverage.There are even special interest news sites, including some designed for children. Whatever your favourite sport, it is likely to have at least one devoted fan who has prepared a website dedicated to it. By visiting the site, you can pick up the latest news and gossip, and even chat to other fans around the world. As you might expect, football fans are well catered for on the Web with a mass of information on famous teams, league positions, fixtures, and player profiles. Keeping up with your favourite band, finding out about exhibitions, or simply organizing yourTV viewing is easy on the Web. MajorTV companies have their own sites where you can find a wealth of information onTV shows and the activities of your favourite celebrities. If you want to find a restaurant, see a movie, or just visit a new bar, you will find the Internet a great resource. You can study for school or college and even obtain a degree using the Internet. Universities from around the world have sites and some offer on-line courses. Most schools now have an Internet connection, and many schoolchildren use it for research and for keeping in touch with schools abroad. Children can also visit special online exhibitions created by world-famous museums. |
Task 4 Look at this page from the CNN website. It contains a number of links labelled (a-h). Find the links which enable you to:
1 get the story behind the headline in full
2 post your own message about current events
3 search previous news stories for any reference you want
4 interact with other readers live using your keyboard
5 see the advertisement
6 change to Spanish
7 see the news in brief
8 watch videos of news stories.
Listening: Browser
Task 5 To download and read documents from the World Wide Web you need a
software program called a browser. Study this section of a web browser screen. Identify these features.
1 title bar 2 menu bar 3 toolbar 4 address box 5 links
Task 6 Look more closely at the toolbar. Listen to the recording and try to identify which buttons are described.
| Language work: -ing forms |
| Study these examples. Keeping up with your favourite team is easy on the Web. By visiting the site you can pick up the latest news. |
| We can often use the -ing form of verbs like nouns. Browsing the Web is popular. Some people like shopping online. |
| We use the -ing form after prepositions. Without leaving home you can visit any country on the Web. By clicking on the link you can move to another page. |
Task 7Complete each gap in these sentences with the -ing form of an appropriate verb from this list.
backup become enter find keep up learn
link receive select send use
1 ___________ with the latest news on your favourite team is easy
on the Web.
2 One of the most useful features of the Internet is-and
__________ email.
3 The grandfather, father, son method is one way of _________
your documents.
4 Fibre-optic cable can be used for __________ computers in a
network.
5 Search engines are ways of ___________ information on the Web.
6 _____________ a keyboard is the commonest way of
____________ data into a computer.
7 _____________ audio and video attachments is possible with email.
8 ___________ a programmer means __________ a number
of programming languages.
9 The White Pages are for ____________ email addresses.
10 ____________ an option in a menu is easy with a mouse.
Task 8 Try to answer these questions using an -ing form.
Example How do you draw pictures on a computer?
By using a graphics package.
How do you:
1 find a website?
2 select an option on a menu?
3 move rapidly through a document?
4 return to your starting page on the Web?
5 store favourite sites?
6 share ideas with other Internet users on a subject you're interested in?
7 increase the speed of your computer?
8 send voice and text messages to other Internet users?
9 end a search on the Web?
10 move the cursor round the screen?
Problem-solving
Task 9 Work in pairs. Decide which of the sites (a-j) to visit in order to find information on the following topics (1-10).
1 the latest scientific developments a www.admarket.com
2 caring for your cat b www.bubble.com/webstars/
3 calculating your tax с www.buildacard.com
4 new cars d www.carlounge.com
5 advertising on the Web e www.encenter.com/ski/
6 books on sport f www.petcat.co.uk
7 sending a virtual greetings card g www.moneyworld.co.uk
8 economic data on Bulgaria h www.newscientist.com/
9 your horoscope i www.thebookplace.com 10 ski conditions in Europe j www.worldbank.org
Writing
Task 10 Work in groups. Design a Web home page for your college or company. Write a headline with an explanatory paragraph about your college or company and a menu which readers can choose from to find out more about different aspects of it.
Each member of your group should write a brief paragraph which readers can access when they click on one of the menu links.
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