ХИМИЧЕСКИЕ КОМПОНЕНТЫ TARAXACUM OFFICINALE

By Christopher Hobbs P.O. Box 742 Capitol, CA 95010.

Выдержка из «Монографии одуванчика» («The Dandelion Monograph»), доступной у The Eclectic Inst., Portland.

Следующие химические компоненты были изолированы из Taraxacum officinale Вебером и встречаются в литературе. Химическая структура, биологическая активность и ссылка(ки) даны для каждого компонента.

SUMMARY OF AVAILABLE DATA

CARBOHYDRATES

MONOSACCHARIDES: fructose, glucose (0.4603.33 %), sucrose (1 %), magnesia

DISACCHARIDES:

POLYSACCHARDE:

HOMOPOLYSACCHARIDES: inulin (15–40 %)

HETEROPOLYSACCHARIDES

GUMS

MUCILAGE: small amount

PECTIN: present in root

IMMUNO POLYSACCHARIDES: Tof-Cfr

WATER SOLUBLE ORGANIC ACIDS:

AROMATIC COMPOUNDS (VIA SHIKIMJC PATHWAY)

SIMPLE PHENOLS AND AROMATIC ACIDS (Usually Glycosides):

COUMARJNS: coumestrol (an estrogenic factor), scopeletin, esculetin

FURANOCOUMARINS:

PYRANOCOUMARINS:

NAPTHAQUINONES:

ANTHRAQUINONES:

FLAVONOID DERIVATIVES

FLAVONOID DERIVATIVES

CONDENSED TANNJNS:

ANTHOCYANINS:

GALLIC ACID AND HYDROLYZABLE TANNINS: 2.8 1 % in the root

SAPONIFIABLE LIPIDS

FATTY ACIDS: many especially linoleic (40–45 %), palmitic (20 %) and linolenic (19 %); also stearic and others

PHOSPHQLIPIDS: present, possibly lecithin

NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS

PROTEINS: (2.8 1 % total) 0.08 % asparagine, some arginine

ALKALOIDS:

CHLOROPHYLL: high in leaves

MISCELLANEOUS: choline, coenzyme A, aldolase

ENZYMES: b-fructofuranosidases

TERPENOIDS (VIA MEVALONIC PATHWAY)

MONOTERPENES © 10)

ESSENTIAL OILS: small amount (.08 % in flowers)

IRJDOIDS:

SESQUITERPENES © 15)

NAPTHALENE TYPE:

AZULENE TYPE: the guaianolides, lactucin and lactucopikrin, tetrahydroridentin B, two germacranolides

DITERPENES (C20)

TRITERPENES (C30)

TETRACYCLIC (4 HOMOMORPHIC RINGS)

FREE PHYTOSTEROIDS: sitosterin, stigmasterin, phytosterin

PHYTOSTERIOD GYLCOSIDES:

STEROID SAPONINS (SPIROKETAL TYPE):

CARDIAC GLYCO SIDES:

PENTACYCLJC (5 RINGS)

LUPANE TYPE: taraxasterol, taraxerol, b-amyrin

URSANE TYPE:

OLEANANE TYPE:

SAPONINS (TERPENOID TYPE):

VITAMINS (MG/100G) fresh leaves

A 14,000

E

Thiamine .19

Riboflavin .26

Niacin .0

C 35

MINERALS (MG/100G)

Calcium 187

Phosphorus 66

Iron 3.1

Sodium 76

Potassium 397

OTHER NUTRIENTS (MG/100G)

Calories 45

Protein 2.7

Fat 0.7

Carbohydrates 9.2