Word and its semantic structure. Connotational Meanings of a Word.

The Role of the Context in the Actualization of Meaning

THEORY REVISION

1. What is the role of the context in meaning actualization?

2. What registers of communication are reflected in the styl­istic differentiation of the vocabulary?

3. Speak about general literary words illustrating your elaboration with examples from nineteenth- and twentieth- century prose.

4. What are the main subgroups of special literary words?

5. What do you know of terms, their structure, meaning, functions?

6. What are the fields of application of archaic words and forms?

7. Can you recognize general colloquial words in a literary text? Where do they mainly occur?

8. What are the main characterises of slang?

9. What do you know of professional and social jargonisms?

EXERCISES

I. Speak about the difference between the contextual and the dictionary meanings of italicized words:

1. Mr. James Duffy lived in Chapelizod because he wished to live as.far as possible from the city of which he was the citizen and because he found all the other suburbs of Dublin mean, modem and pretentious.

2. He does all our insurance examining and they say he's some doctor.

3. He seemed prosperous, extremely married and unromantic.

4. "What do you think?" The question pops their heads up.

5. We tooled the car into the street and eased it into the rack of folks.

6. He inched the car forward.

7. "Of course it was considered a great chance for me, as he is so rich. And-and-we drifted into a sort of understanding - I suppose I should call it an engagement -"

"You may have drifted into it; but you will bounce out of it, my pettikins, if I am to have anything to do with it».

8. He sat with the strike committee for many hours in a smoky room and agonized over ways and means.

9. Betty loosed fresh tears.

10. When the food came, they wolfed it down rapidly.

II. State the type and fraction of literary words in the following examples:

1. "I must decline to pursue this painful discussion. It is not pleasant to my feelings; it is repugnant to my feelings».

2. "I am not in favour of this modern mania for turning bad people into good people at a moment's notice. As a man sows so let him reap».

3. Isolde the Slender had suitors in plenty to do her lightest hest. Feats of arms were done daily for her sake. To win her love suitors were willing to vow themselves to perdition. But Isolde the Slender was heedless of the court thus paid to her.

4. "He of the iron garment," said Daigety, entering, "is bounden unto you, MacEagh, and this noble lord shall be bounden also».

5. If manners maketh man, then manner and grooming maketh poodle.

6. "Thou art the Man," cried Jabes, after a solemn pause, leaning over his cushion. "Seventy times didst thou gapingly contort thy visage-sevently times seven did I take council with my soul-Lo! this is human weakness: this also may be absolved. The first of the seventy first is come. Brethren-execute upon him the judgement written. Such honour have all His saints».

III. Think of the type of additional information about the speaker or communicative situation conveyed by the following general and special colloquial words:

1. "She's engaged. Nice guy, too. Though there’s a slight difference in height. I’d say a foot, her favor».

"You know Brooklyn?"

"No. I was never there. But I had a buddy at Myer was from Brooklyn».

2. I didn’t t really do anything this time. Just pulled the dago out of the river. Like all dagos, he couldn't swim. Well the fellow was sort of grateful about it. Hung around like a dog. About six months later he died of fever. I was with him. Last thing, just as he was pegging out, he beckoned me and whispered some excited jargon about a secret.

3. "Here weare now," she cried, returning with the tray. "And don't look so miz».

4. "What’s the dif," he vented to know.

5. Going down the stairs he overheard one beanied freshman he knew talking to another. Did you see that black cat with the black whiskers who had those binocks in front of us? That's my comp prof».

6. "Don’t you intend to get married?" asked Eugene curiously. "I don't know," she replied, "I'd want to think about that. A woman-artist is in a d - of a position anyway," using the letter d only to indicate the word "devil".

Лабораторная работа №4 (2 ч.)

Lexical Stylistic Devices