GRAMMAR PRACTICE SECTION. .
| Passive. 1. Match the sentences with the explanations. | 
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| 1. have something done | a. The transistor that completely changed the vacuum tubes was invented in 1948. |
| 2. passive + infinitive | b. All the computers have just been checked for viruses. |
| 3. passive + perfect infinitive | c. By 2100 quantum computers will have been built. |
| 4. passive + continuous infinitive | d. The new program is currently being tested for bugs. |
| 5. present simple passive | e. Sooner or later computers that can see will be invented. |
| 6. past simple passive | f. Computers are believed to perform thousands of computations per second. |
| 7. present continuous passive | g. Steven Jobs and Stephen Wozniak are known to have set up the Apple Company. |
| 8. past continuous passive | h. If you want to use your PC for artwork or video, you can have a powerful graphics card added to it. |
| 9. present perfect passive | i. Computers are said to be getting smaller and more powerful. |
| 10. past perfect passive | j. Before the invention of computers various devices had been used to make calculations. |
| 11. future simple passive | k. Various terminals are connected to this workstation. |
| 12. future perfect passive | l. They ordered these devices to be repaired as soon as possible. |
| 13. passive infinitive | m. When the computer crashed a new program was being installed on it. |
2. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct passive form.
1. As computers count quickly, they widely (use) in business data processing.
2. Vacuum tubes to control and amplify electric signals (create) by Neumann.
3. This program (write) to help people in the use of the computer system.
4. All the current files (lose) when the system crashed and we had no backup copies.
5. A new brand of LCD screen cleaner currently (develop) by our company.
| 6. The new version of this software (release) next July. 7. We searched the database but your transaction (not/record). 8. A lot of techniques (believe) to be used in the design of printers. 9. These machines (not/service) for a year. 10. If you need a lot of storage, you can a bigger hard disk (fit). 11. When keyed the data (hold) in a small memory called buffer. | 
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12. Information (put) into the computer for processing should be coded into ones and zeroes.
13. An impact printer (consider) to produce a character by impacting a font against the paper.
14. Before the computer (switch) off yesterday, all the necessary files (copy) onto a laser disc.
15. At the moment the system (check) for any unnecessary file that make it work slower.
16. The power failure occurred while the antivirus (update) – so the update process (interrupt).
17. In the next century, computers (program) in natural languages like English or French.
18. The technician (expect) to be searching our database for any invalid data.
19. Many different storage technologies (invent) by men since ancient times.
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