The coordinates of the point (on the line in the plane on the surface globe).

Remember one of the basic rules of piloting: flight carrying on any type of aircraft, the pilot - navigator must constantly know of their location aircraft coordinates. It need to know why with such precision that at any point in time could determine the direction and distance of the flight to a new point, and calculate the time to it. Because at any time, can fly, it will create a situation that requires changes in the flight plan, for example, bypassing the dangerous meteorological phenomena, fly to the alternate, the team manager for direct routing and a lot of - a lot of other unscheduled tasks, the resolution of which is impossible without the knowledge of the location of their aircraft.

The location of the sun, landmark, radio navigation points (PHT), and other components used for aircraft navigation, expressed by their coordinates.

The point coordinates are number (angular or linear values) defining the position of a point on the line, plane, or surface area.

Coordinates of the point on the line

Coordinates of the point on the line expressed on a selected distance of the axis of the line from start point to the initial set point.

For example, the coordinates of the point can be expressed by a distance of 40 km from a point A on the line AB. (Kirovograd - Znamianka, 20 km to the Znamenka)

Coordinates of points on the plane: defined flat rectangular coordinates and polar coordinates.

- Rectangular (Cartesian) coordinates - express the distance X (abscissa) and Y (ordinate) of a point from two mutually coordinate axes 0X and 0Y, which intersect at 0.

- Polar coordinates are the polar express the distance of the point from the beginning and fixed polar angle between the selected polar axis and the direction to a point. In navigating the polar axis is taken either direction beyond the card or the north direction of the meridian. In the first case

Polar coordinates are expressed in the polar distance of the point (M) from a fixed origin (pole - point O) and the polar angle between the selected polar axis and the direction to a point. In navigating the polar axis is taken to True North meridian. Polar angle in the navigation point called the azimuth (bearing).

Azimuth- the angle in the horizontal plane contained between true north direction of the meridian passing through the pole (the beginning - the point about which are defined by polar coordinates) and the direction of the landmark aircraft Measured from True North meridian from 0 to 360 º clockwise.

(polar angle is called the directional angle, and the second - the azimuth of the point).

In the three-dimensional position of a point is determined by the selected system with three coordinates X, Y, Z.

In the navigation are two widely used types of spatial coordinate systems: Cartesian coordinate system - (usually the right-hand Cartesian coordinate system) and the ellipsoidal coordinate system .

In turn, the rectangular coordinate system can be classified into:

• Selection start point coordinates:

– the coordinate system (GPSK), with the origin at the center of the Earth;

– reference frame a rectangular coordinate system, with the origin, which coincides with the geometrical center of the selected reference ellipsoid;

– topocentric Cartesian coordinates, with the origin located at a point on the earth's surface;

– special, with the origin chosen for the convenience of a different purpose, for example, the position of the satellite in orbit is determined by the radius vector and its angle - g true anomaly relative to the reference direction of the geocenter to the point of perigee.

• orientation of the axes by the Cartesian coordinate system in space:

– earth - fixed relative to the Earth, with the origin at the center of the Earth. Its axis is in the plane OX Greenwich meridian direction OZ axis coincides with the axis of rotation of the Earth and the OY axis orthogonal axes OX and OZ;

– inertial - recorded (suspended) in relation to outer space, with the origin at the center of the Earth. OXo its axis oriented in the direction of the vernal equinox OZo direction of the axis coincides with the axis of rotation of the Earth, and the axis orthogonal to the axis OY OXo and OZo.

Coordinates of points on the surface of the globe

Dots, circles and lines on a globe (earth's surface).

The axis line (diameter) around which the rotation of the Earth, called the axis of rotation of the Earth. The rotation axis intersects the surface of the Earth at the Earth's two points called geographic poles.