Multicomponent Natural Gas Systems
In Figure 4.2c for natural gases without a liquid hydrocarbon (or when liquid
hydrocarbons exist below 273 K), the lower portion of the pressure–temperature
phase diagram is very similar to that shown in Figure 4.2a. Two changes are
(1) the LW–H–V line would be for a fixed composition mixture of hydrocarbons
rather than for pure methane (predictions methods for mixtures are given in
Section 4.2 and in Chapter 5) and (2) quadruple point Q1 would be at the
intersection of the LW–H–V line and 273 K, at a pressure lower than that for
methane. The other three-phase lines of Figure 4.2a (for I–LW–H and I–H–V)
have almost the same slope at Q1. Otherwise, the same points in Section 4.1.1
apply.
However, for the case in which natural gases contain heavier components, the
upper portion of the diagram is more like that shown in Figure 4.2b. A straight
line labeled LW–H–V represents the hydrate formation region equivalent to the
region between quadruple point Q1 (I–LW–H–V) and the upper quadruple point
Q2 (LW–H–V–LHC) in Figure 4.2b. One significant change in Figure 4.2c is that
quadruple point Q2 becomes a line, as indicated in the next paragraph.
When a liquid hydrocarbon mixture is present, the LW–V–LHC line in
Figure 4.2b broadens to become an area, such as that labeled CFK in Figure 4.2c.
This area is caused by the fact that a single hydrocarbon is no longer present, so
a combination of hydrocarbon (and water) vapor pressures creates a broader phase
equilibrium envelope. Consequently, the upper quadruple point (Q2) evolves into
a line (KC) for the multicomponent hydrocarbon system.
Line KC may not be straight in the four-phase region but is drawn that way
for illustration. The location of the lower point K is determined by the intersection
point of the phase envelope ECFKL with the LW–H–V line, determined
by the methods of Section 4.2 or Chapter 5. To determine the upper point C,
first a vapor–liquid equilibrium calculation is performed, assuming the liquid
phase (exiting the envelope at point C) equals the vapor composition at point K.
That liquid is used to calculate a vapor composition which is used in a vapor–
liquid water–hydrate calculation to determine the upper intersection with the phase
envelope ECFKL.Amore thorough treatment of the calculation of multicomponent
equilibrium with a condensed hydrocarbon phase is given in Sections 4.3.2.
Гидраты смесей углеводородных и неуглеводородных компонентов.
Гидраты природных углеводородных газов.
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