International Phonetic Association and Alphabet

The International Phonetic Association was established in 1886 as a forum for teachers who were inspired by the idea of using phonetics to improve the teaching of the spoken language to foreign learners. As well as laying the foundations for the modern science of phonetics, the Association had a revolutionary impact on the language classroom in the early decades of its existence, where previously the concentration had been on proficiency in the written form of the language being learned. The Association is still a major international learned society, though the crusading spirit of the pronunciation teachers of the early part of the century is not so evident nowadays. The Association only rarely holds official meetings, but contact among the members is maintained by the Association's Journal, which has been in publication more or less continuously since the foundation of the Association, with occasional changes of name. Since its beginning, the Association has taken the responsibility for maintaining a standard set of phonetic symbols for use in practical phonetics, presented in the form of a chart (see the chart at the end of this book). The set of symbols is usually known as the International Phonetic Alphabet (and the initials I.P.A. are therefore ambiguous). The alphabet is revised from time to time to take account of new discoveries and changes in phonetic theory. The web-site of the IPA is http://www2.arts.gla.ac.uk/IPA/ipa.html

Table 5-6.

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LITERATURE:

1. Васильев В.А. и др. Фонетика английского языка. Нормативный курс: Учебник для ин-тов и фак.ин.яз. – М.: Высш.шк, 1980 – с. 15-16, 25-61.

2. Дикушина О.И. Фонетика английского языка. Теоретический курс. – М.: Просвещение, 1965. – С. 11-24, 50-94.

3. Васильев В.А. Фонетика англ.яз. Теоретический курс. – М.: Высшая школа, 1970 – с. 72-99; 190-194.

4. Соколова М.А., Гинтовт К.П., Тихонова И.С., Тихонова Р.М. Теоретическая фонетика английского языка: Учеб.для студ.высш.уч.заведений. – 3-е изд., стереотип. – М.:Гуманит.изд.центр ВЛАДОС, 2003.- с.8-9.

5. Соколова М.А., Гинтовт К.П., Кантер Л.А., Крылова Н.И. Практическая фонетика английского языка: Учеб.для студ.высш.уч.заведений. –М.:Гуманит.изд.центр ВЛАДОС, 2003.- с.6-14, 85-122.