Means for fire extinguishing

Primary means for fire extinguishing are:

- entrenching tool;

- fire extinguishers;

- manual fire equipment.

They all are placed on the special board. The board is set so that the distance to most remote, building wouldn't exceed 100 m, and to warehouses with flammable materials – 50 m, or set accounting one board per 5000 m².

The fire extinguishing means are painted in signal red color, and the inscriptions on them and on boards are made by contrast white color.

Fire extinguishers.

Water makes basic effect of extinguishing that's cooling of burning subjects down to temperature lower than combustion temperature. Water extinguishing flaws are: water freezing on negative temperatures; water doesn't extinguish combustible liquid with boiling temperature below 80°C; brings substantial damages for equipment and buildings; person extinguishing electrical equipment can be shocked; water badly moistens some filamentary and solid substances, therefore on their extinguishing water is not effective.

The foam can be chemical and air-mechanical. The chemical foam consists from pellets of carbon dioxide, air-mechanical contains air ones. Foam extinguishing effect is cooling of the upper layer and isolation of burning subjects from the atmospheric air. The foam is not applied for extinguishing of electrical equipment under voltage and such active substances as potassium, natrium, carbon bisulfide it reacts with.

Carbon dioxide (C0₂) is used, generally for extinguishing of electrical equipment. It's not applicable to extinguish ethyl alcohol, it's dissolved in, and also celluloid, thermit combustible without air.

Carbon dioxide extinguishing in closed rooms increases concentration of C0₂ dangerous for life.

Powder. The powder cloud creates protection from heat radiation, therefore fire can be extinguished without special protective cloth. When powder gets on the heated subjects there's saline decomposition and incombustible gases extraction happening what enhance extinguishing effect of powder. However, in the closed rooms on powder extinguishing high dust content in the air appears, the powders also have weak cooling effect that makes possible repeated inflaming.