External Bleeding

External bleeding is bleeding that can be seen coming from a wound. Common examples of external bleeding include bleeding from open fractures, lacerations, and the nose.

Individuals with serious external bleeding exhibit the following symptoms: obvious bleeding, restlessness, cold and clammy skin, thirst, increased and thready pulse, rapid and shallow respirations, a drop in the blood pressure (a late symptom), and decreasing levels of consciousness.

There are three types of external bleeding, classified according to the type of blood vessel that has been injured: capillary, venous, and arterial.

Capillary Bleeding. Capillary bleeding is the most common type of external bleeding and consists of a slow oozing of bright red blood. This type of bleeding occurs with minor cuts, scratches, and abrasions.

Venous Bleeding. Venous bleeding occurs when a vein has been punctured or severed. This type of bleeding is characterized by a slow and steady flow of dark red blood.

Arterial Bleeding. Arterial bleeding is the most serious type of external bleeding and occurs when an artery is punctured or severed. Fortunately, it is the least common type of bleeding because arteries are situated deeper in the body and are protected by bone. Arterial bleeding is characterized by bright red blood that spurts. The arteries most frequently involved in accidents are the carotid, brachial, radial, and femoral.