Development of fires on the objects of airlines. fire hazard and extinguishing the fires in hangars.

Hangars are the most non-fire-safe building and objects of civil aviation enterprises, aviation-technical bases, aircraft-repair cases of aircraft overhaul plants intended for maintenance and repair of an aircraft. In respect of fire above all the production auxiliary areas of hangar — dyeing, washing off, accumulator, and construction-repair — present a danger.

They are disposed, as a rule, in built on along the perimeter of hangar part on the ground floor. Combustion that goes into the fire as often as not take place in production departments and areas. Therefore according to preventive fire-fighting regulations of non-fire-safe and explosion-proof areas of hangar must be separated off from aircraft-repair part by a refractory insulation wall with the fire endurance not less than 2 hr, and openings of doors and gates, that lead from these areas to aircraft-repair part, — with fire-protective doors with the refractory insulation not less than 0.6 hr.

Fire- and explosive areas must have an fire escape, that leads outside directly, and existing door openings to aircraft-repair part to prevent the fire spreading on this part of hangar must be equipped with lobby approach stairways with the refractory insulation of structural components not less than 0.75 hr.

Production and administrative areas, apartments located on the first and the second floors of annexe, as a rule, are separated off from aircraft-repair part with a corridor and the wall with the refractory insulation not less than 2 hr.

Spreading of fire on the production areas located on the ground floor is the most dangerous. A fire can go both into aircraft-repair part, and into upstream floors of annexe of hangar with further spreading on the bulkhead and even on the roof of aircraft-repair part, in spite of its very considerable height. In connection with the danger of spreading of fire all modern hangars and aircraft-repair parts of plants are equipped with the stationary emergency stairs and dry pipe sprinkler system for simplification and facilitation of battle deployment of personnel at a necessity of extinguishants supply on the bulkhead and aircraft-repair part of a hangar. These emergency stairs and dry pipe sprinkler system are situated on outside of walls at the side of building.

Fires on dyeing and washing areas begin usually from the explosion of vapour-air mixture that is accompanied by destruction of filler structures. They are characterized by a high volume average temperature, by high-density smoke generation of air volume of apartment, by danger of transition of fire to other apartments of hangar through window and door openings, production aeration, destroyed structural components of a building in the case of absence or fault of easily taking off constructions (light-concrete panels, window pane, openings of doors and gated opened outside). When fired on these areas burning can spread on interior surfaces of walls and ceilings, and also on the equipment.

Basic tasks of personnel of fire-and-wrecking units in case of fire in aircraft-repair part of hangar (aircraft-repair building):

life-saving; evacuation from the section (dock) of aerotechnics being burn & production equipment; protection of frames of coverage failing or disrepair of the drencher extinguishing system; protection of auxiliary areas of the ground floor joined to aircraft-repair part by means of door and gate openings.

Extinguishing the fires begins at aircraft-repair part with opening of basic gates of hangar. Thus, at once evacuation of an aircraft unfired becomes possible; the smoke zone goes up, and the personnel of battle units can operate in normal-visibility-level conditions. Evacuation of aeromechanics and battle deployment can be conducted through two gates simultaneously in the presence of the hangar gates, located on two sides of aircraft-repair part.

When extinguish an aircraft being burn, hand fire nozzles and fire-hose monitor barrels are used (in they are adopted in paramilitary fire-fighting units of civil aviation).

Battle deployment is conducted in such a way as fire hoses will not cross an escape route of peoples, aeromechanics and valuable property. First of all, the drencher extinguishing system must be switched on, and at its fault or absence of roof truss the aircraft-repair parts are cooled by the water flow supplied from remote monitors and hand fire nozzles, and also stationary monitors of fire engines.

Leading the fire engineering into inward of aircraft-repair part of hangar isn’t allowed, as it is closely related with the damage risk of this technique under collapse of frames and coverage.

The personnel of fire-and-wrecking units to control the state of a coverage of aircraft-repair part of hangar directs by stationary emergency stairs with a fire hose and hand fire nozzles, that are connected to stationary dry pipe sprinkler system, mounted on outside of aircraft-repair part wall.

There is reconnoitering of adjacent apartments of annexe throughout all its floors along with operations on extinguishing the fire in aircraft-repair part.

Methodical Guidings

While studying the materials of chapter 4 it is necessary to pay attention to coordination of interaction between fire-and-wrecking divisions of aerodrome with paramilitary fire-fighting detachments of other departments. Student has to know the requirements to fire protection level of aerodromes; to fire-fighting carriers; to the personnel of fire-and-wrecking units; to duration of development of rescue and fire fighting service.

It is necessary to study and to know the extinguishants and how they operate.

The special attention should be given to techniques of fire extinguishing in hangars, air terminals, in storage plant of the petroleum products.

References:

[1], [3], [6].