The Notion of a Syntactic Paradigm

A syntactic paradigm is a set of syntactic structures, one of which is a kernel, it is invariable, and others are variables received by various transformational procedures, this process being called syntactic derivation. In the paradigm of the sentence we distinguish the morphological sphere and the syntactical sphere. In the morphological sphere we find all possible changes of the constituents of the kernel (The sun shines = > the sun shone, the sun will shine, the sun is shining, the sun has been shing, these suns shine, etc.). The morphological sphere of the paradigm includes the changes in nouns as to number and case; the changes in verbs as to number, person, tense, voice, aspect, correlation and mood; the changes in adjectives as to degrees of comparison. In the syntactical sphere we find the negative and the interrogative forms of a kernel (The sun does not shine. The sun did not shine. Does the sun shine? Did the sun shine? Will the sun shine? How does the sun shine? etc.).

In the syntactical sphere we can see phrase-transforms and clause-transforms of kernels. Kernels can be changed into phrases by the transformational procedure of phrasalization and expanded into clauses by the transformational procedure of clausalization. These transformations involve connectives - conjunctions, conjunctive pronouns and adverbs, conjunctive phrases ( The sun shines =>the sun shining, the shining of the sun , for the sun to shine, with the sun shining ;=> if the sun shines, though the sun shines, when the sun shines, while the sun shines, as the sun shines, etc.).Clauses can be combined to receive larger structures (If the sun shines I’ll be happy, etc.). The general paradigm of a sentence embracing all morphological and syntactical transformations is voluminous.

Paradigmatic structuring of connections and dependencies penetrated from morphology into the sphere of a sentence. We see that the methods of describing morphology and syntax overlap.