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ÀÃÐÀÐÍÎÅ ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÎ
ÄÎÈÍÄÓÑÒÐÈÀËÜÍÎÅ ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÎ
ÈÍÄÓÑÒÐÈÀËÜÍÎÅ ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÎ
ÏÎÑÒÈÍÄÓÑÒÐÈÀËÜÍÎÅ ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÎ
Ëèòåðàòóðà
1.Âåáëåí Ò. Òåîðèÿ ïðàçäíîãî êëàññà. — Ì., 1984.
2.Lundberg G., Schrag Ñ., Largen 0., Cation W. Sociology. — N.Y., 1968.
3.Ðåçíèê Þ.Ì. Ãðàæäàíñêîå îáùåñòâî êàê ôåíîìåí öèâèëèçàöèè. - Ì., 1993.
4.Àìåðèêàíñêàÿ ñîöèîëîãèÿ. Ïåðñïåêòèâû, ïðîáëåìû, ìåòîäû. — Ì.,1972.
5.×åëîâåê è îáùåñòâî // Ñîöèàëüíî-ïîëèòè÷åñêèå íàóêè. 1992. ¹ 8. Ñ.32-60.
6.Ñìåëçåð Í. Ñîöèîëîãèÿ. — Ì., 1994.
7.Ìàòþøèí Ã. ß. Ó êîëûáåëè èñòîðèè. — Ì., 1976.
8.Ìîäåðíèçàöèÿ: çàðóáåæíûé îïûò è Ðîññèÿ. — Ì., 1994.
9.Êðàñèëüùèêîâ Â.Í., Çèáîðîâ Ã.Ì., Ðÿáîâ À.Â. Øàíñ íà îáíîâëåíèå Ðîññèè//Ìèð Ðîññèè. 1993.¹ 1.Ò.Ï.Ñ.106-1Ï.
Ñîäåðæàíèå
ÏÐÅÄÈÑËÎÂÈÅ........................................................................................... 3
ÃËÀÂÀ 1. ÑÎÖÈÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ ÇÍÀÍÈÅ........................................... 7
1. ÈÑÒÎÐÈß ÑÎÖÈÎËÎÃÈÈ..................................................................... 7
ÀÍÒÈ×ÍÎÑÒÜ........................................................................................... 7
ÑÐÅÄÍÅÂÅÊÎÂÜÅ È ÍÎÂÎÅ ÂÐÅÌß (IV-XVIII ââ. í.ý.)........................ 8
ÑÎÂÐÅÌÅÍÍÛÉ ÝÒÀÏ.......................................................................... 11
2. ÏÐÅÄÌÅÒ ÑÎÖÈÎËÎÃÈÈ................................................................... 16
3. ÌÅÒÎÄÛ ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈß............................................................... 22
ÎÒ ÒÅÎÐÈÈ Ê ÈÍÑÒÐÓÌÅÍÒÓ............................................................ 22
ÊÀÊÎÉ ÌÅÒÎÄ ÏÐÈÌÅÍÈÒÜ?............................................................. 24
×ÒÎ ÒÀÊÎÅ ÎÏÐÎÑ?............................................................................. 24
ÂÈÄÛ ÎÏÐÎÑÀ....................................................................................... 26
ÈÍÒÅÐÂÜÞ............................................................................................. 27
ÍÀÁËÞÄÅÍÈÅ........................................................................................ 28
ÝÊÑÏÅÐÈÌÅÍÒ...................................................................................... 28
ÃËÀÂÀ 2. ×ÅËÎÂÅ×ÅÑÊÀß ËÈ×ÍÎÑÒÜ............................................ 30
1. ÂÂÎÄÍÛÅ ÇÀÌÅ×ÀÍÈß..................................................................... 30
2. ×ÅËÎÂÅÊ È ×ÅËÎÂÅ×ÅÑÊÎÅ............................................................. 30
ÄÐÅÂÍÈÉ ÊÈÒÀÉ (VI - I ââ. äî í. ý.)...................................................... 31
ÄÐÅÂÍßß ÈÍÄÈß (VII - IV ââ. äî í. ý.).................................................. 31
ÄÐÅÂÍßß ÃÐÅÖÈß (VI - IV ââ. äî í. ý.)................................................. 31
ÑÐÅÄÍÅÂÅÊÎÂÜÅ (IV - XIV ââ. í. ý.)...................................................... 31
ÂÎÇÐÎÆÄÅÍÈÅ (XIV - XVI ââ.).............................................................. 32
ÏÐÎÑÂÅÙÅÍÈÅ (XVII - XVIII ââ.)......................................................... 32
ÑÎÂÐÅÌÅÍÍÎÑÒÜ................................................................................. 32
3. ÁÈÎËÎÃÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ È ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÅ................................................. 33
4. ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÀ ËÈ×ÍÎÑÒÈ È ÏÑÈÕÈÊÀ............................................. 35
ÏÐÈËÎÆÅÍÈÅ.......................................................................................... 39
Ôðàãìåíò 1 Ý. Þ. Ñîëîâüåâ ËÈ×ÍÎÑÒÜ È ÏÐÀÂÎ............................. 39
Ôðàãìåíò 2 À. Â. Ïåòðîâñêèé ÁÛÒÜ ËÈ×ÍÎÑÒÜÞ............................ 39
Ôðàãìåíò 3 Ý. Â. Èëüåíêîâ ×ÒÎ ÆÅ ÒÀÊÎÅ ËÈ×ÍÎÑÒÜ?................. 41
Ôðàãìåíò 4 À. Í. Ëåîíòüåâ ÄÅßÒÅËÜÍÎÑÒÜ, ÑÎÇÍÀÍÈÅ, ËÈ×ÍÎÑÒÜ 42
ÃËÀÂÀ 3. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÅ ÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÅ È ÏÎÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ.................... 45
1. ÂÂÎÄÍÛÅ ÇÀÌÅ×ÀÍÈß..................................................................... 45
2. ÀÊÒÈÂÍÎÑÒÜ È ÄÅßÒÅËÜÍÎÑÒÜ..................................................... 45
3. ÏÎÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ.......................................................................................... 46
4. ÑÂÎÁÎÄÀ ÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÉ......................................................................... 47
5. ÈÅÐÀÐÕÈß ÏÎÒÐÅÁÍÎÑÒÅÉ............................................................. 47
6. ÄÈÍÀÌÈÊÀ ÏÎÒÐÅÁÍÎÑÒÅÉ........................................................... 49
7. ÌÎÒÈÂÛ È ÌÎÒÈÂÀÖÈß.................................................................. 50
8. ÖÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ È ÇÍÀ×ÅÍÈÅ................................................................... 52
9. ÖÅÍÍÎÑÒÍÎÅ ßÄÐÎ ËÈ×ÍÎÑÒÈ...................................................... 53
10. ÑÀÌÎÎÖÅÍÊÀ................................................................................... 55
11. ÑÀÌÎÓÂÀÆÅÍÈÅ.............................................................................. 56
12. ÐÀÑÑÎÃËÀÑÎÂÀÍÈÅ ÑÎÇÍÀÍÈß È ÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÉ........................ 57
13. ÇÀÙÈÒÍÛÅ ÌÅÕÀÍÈÇÌÛ.............................................................. 59
ÃËÀÂÀ 4. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÅ ÂÇÀÈÌÎÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÅ È ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÀ.................................................................................................... 63
1. ÂÂÎÄÍÛÅ ÇÀÌÅ×ÀÍÈß..................................................................... 63
2. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÅ ÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÅ................................................................. 63
3. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÅ ÂÇÀÈÌÎÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÅ................................................. 65
4. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÅ ÑÒÀÒÓÑÛ.................................................................. 66
5. ÂÑÅËÅÍÍÀß ÑÒÀÒÓÑÎÂ.................................................................... 69
6. ÍÅÑÎÂÏÀÄÅÍÈÅ ÑÒÀÒÓÑÎÂ............................................................ 70
7. ÑÒÀÒÓÑ È ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÅ ÎÒÍÎØÅÍÈß........................................ 71
8. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÐÎËÜ............................................................................ 72
ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÐÎËÜ................................................................................ 73
9. ÐÎËÅÂÎÉ ÍÀÁÎÐ................................................................................. 73
10. ÈÄÅÍÒÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß Ñ ÐÎËÜÞ È ÑÒÀÒÓÑÎÌ................................ 74
ÐÎËÅÂÎÉ ÍÀÁÎÐ..................................................................................... 75
11. ÒÈÏÎËÎÃÈß ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÃÎ ÂÇÀÈÌÎÄÅÉÑÒÂÈß................... 75
12. ÏÅÐÂÈ×ÍÀß È ÂÒÎÐÈ×ÍÀß ÑÔÅÐÛ.............................................. 77
13. ÔÎÐÌÛ ÂÇÀÈÌÎÄÅÉÑÒÂÈß.......................................................... 77
14. ÂÇÀÈÌÎÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÅ ÊÀÊ ÎÁÌÅÍ................................................... 78
ÃËÀÂÀ 5. ÑÎÖÈÀËÈÇÀÖÈß................................................................... 81
1. ÂÂÎÄÍÛÅ ÇÀÌÅ×ÀÍÈß..................................................................... 81
2. ÑÎÖÈÀËÈÇÀÖÈß: ÓÍÈÂÅÐÑÀËÜÍÎÅ È ÑÏÅÖÈÔÈ×ÅÑÊÎÅ....... 81
3. ÑÒÀÍÎÂËÅÍÈÅ ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÃÎ "ß"................................................ 83
ÈÍÒÅÐÍÀËÈÇÀÖÈß................................................................................ 85
4. ÏÐÎÖÅÑÑ ÑÎÖÈÀËÈÇÀÖÈÈ.............................................................. 85
5. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÅ ÎÖÅÍÈÂÀÍÈÅ È ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÅ ÖÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ..... 87
6. ÀÃÅÍÒÛ È ÈÍÑÒÈÒÓÒÛ ÑÎÖÈÀËÈÇÀÖÈÈ................................... 89
7. ÄÅÑÎÖÈÀËÈÇÄÖÈßÈ ÐÅÑÎÖÈÄËÈÇÄÖÈß.................................... 91
8. ÑÎÖÈÀËÈÇÀÖÈß È ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜ............................ 93
ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜ.................................................................... 95
ÃËÀÂÀ 6. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜ................................................ 96
1. ÂÂÎÄÍÛÅ ÇÀÌÅ×ÀÍÈß..................................................................... 96
2. ÝËÅÌÅÍÒÛ ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÎÃÎ ÊÎÍÒÐÎËß........................................ 96
3. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÅ ÍÎÐÌÛ....................................................................... 97
4. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÅ ÑÀÍÊÖÈÈ................................................................ 100
ÑÀÍÊÖÈÈ................................................................................................ 102
5. ÑÀÌÎÊÎÍÒÐÎËÜ............................................................................... 102
6. ÀÃÅÍÒÛ ÔÎÐÌÀËÜÍÎÃÎ È ÍÅÔÎÐÌÀËÜÍÎÃÎ ÊÎÍÒÐÎËß.... 104
7. ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÅÍÍÎÅ ÌÍÅÍÈÅ.............................................................. 107
8. ÄÅÂÈÀÍÒÍÎÅ È ÄÅËÈÍÊÂÅÍÒÍÎÅ ÏÎÂÅÄÅÍÈÅ...................... 108
9. ÎÒÊËÎÍÅÍÈÅ È ÐÀÇÍÎÎÁÐÀÇÈÅ................................................... 111
10. ÏÎÄÐÎÑÒÊÎÂÀß ÄÅÂÈÀÍÒÍÎÑÒÜ.............................................. 113
ÃËÀÂÀ 7. ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÀ È ßÇÛÊ............................................................. 115
1. ÂÂÎÄÍÛÅ ÇÀÌÅ×ÀÍÈß................................................................... 115
2. ÌÍÎÃÎÎÁÐÀÇÈÅ ÇÍÀ×ÅÍÈÉ ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÛ..................................... 115
3. ÏÐÅÄÏÎÑÛËÊÈ ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÛ............................................................ 116
4. ÀÊÊÓËÜÒÓÐÄÖÈß ÐÅËÈÃÈÈ........................................................... 116
5. ×ÅÐÒÛ ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÛ............................................................................. 117
6. ÁÀÇÈÑÍÛÅ ÝËÅÌÅÍÒÛ ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÛ.............................................. 118
7. ÒÐÀÄÈÖÈÈ.......................................................................................... 120
8. ÖÅÍÍÎÑÒÈ.......................................................................................... 122
9. ÔÎÐÌÛ È ÐÀÇÍÎÂÈÄÍÎÑÒÈ ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÛ..................................... 122
10. ÑÓÏÅÐÊÓËÜÒÓÐÀ............................................................................. 124
11. ×ÒÎ ÒÀÊÎÅ ßÇÛÊ?........................................................................... 125
12. ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÍÎ-ÐÅ×ÅÂÎÉ ÑÒÀÒÓÑ................................................... 126
13. ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÍÎ-ÐÅ×ÅÂÀß ÑÐÅÄÀ...................................................... 127
14. ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÍÎ-ÐÅ×ÅÂÀß ÑÒÐÀÒÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß................................ 129
ÏÐÎÑÒÎÐÅ×ÈÅ....................................................................................... 131
ÃËÀÂÀ 8. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÅ ÃÐÓÏÏÛ................................................... 132
1. ÂÂÎÄÍÛÅ ÇÀÌÅ×ÀÍÈß................................................................... 132
2. ÇÍÀ×ÅÍÈÅ ÃÐÓÏÏÛ.......................................................................... 132
3. ÏÐÈÍÀÄËÅÆÍÎÑÒÜ Ê ÃÐÓÏÏÅ....................................................... 133
4. ÊËÀÑÑÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÕ ÃÐÓÏÏ.................................. 133
5. ÝÒÍÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÎÁÙÍÎÑÒÈ.............................................................. 136
6.ÏÓÁËÈÊÀ.............................................................................................. 137
7. ÒÎËÏÀ.................................................................................................. 138
8. ÔÎÐÌÛ ÌÀÑÑÎÂÎÃÎ ÏÎÂÅÄÅÍÈß.............................................. 139
9. ÔÎÐÌÛ ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÎÂÀÍÍÎÃÎ ÏÐÎÒÅÑÒÀ................................... 142
10. ÒÈÏÎËÎÃÈß ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÕ ÄÂÈÆÅÍÈÉ.................................. 142
ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÅ ÄÂÈÆÅÍÈß................................................................. 144
11. ÌÀËÀß ÃÐÓÏÏÀ............................................................................... 144
12. ÔÎÐÌÛ ÌÀËÎÉ ÃÐÓÏÏÛ.............................................................. 146
13. ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÀ ÌÀËÎÉ ÃÐÓÏÏÛ....................................................... 147
14. ÂÇÀÈÌÎÄÅÉÑÒÂÈÅ Â ÌÀËÎÉ ÃÐÓÏÏÅ...................................... 148
ËÈÄÅÐ...................................................................................................... 150
ÃËÀÂÀ 9 ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÑÒÐÀÒÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß.................................. 151
1. ÂÂÎÄÍÛÅ ÇÀÌÅ×ÀÍÈß................................................................... 151
2. ÈÇÌÅÐÅÍÈÅ ÑÒÐÀÒÈÔÈÊÀÖÈÈ.................................................... 152
3. ÏÐÈÍÀÄËÅÆÍÎÑÒÜ Ê ÑÒÐÀÒÅ....................................................... 155
4. ÈÑÒÎÐÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÒÈÏÛ ÑÒÐÀÒÈÔÈÊÀÖÈÈ................................. 156
ÏÐÅÑÒÈÆ................................................................................................ 158
5. ÊËÀÑÑÛ............................................................................................... 158
6. ÂÎÇÍÈÊÍÎÂÅÍÈÅ ÊËÀÑÑÎÂ.......................................................... 160
7. ÊËÀÑÑÛ È ÑÎÑËÎÂÈß Â ÄÎÐÅÂÎËÞÖÈÎÍÍÎÉ ÐÎÑÑÈÈ...... 160
8. ÊËÀÑÑÎÂÀß ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ ÑØÀ......................................................... 162
9. ÑÒÐÀÒÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß Â ÑÑÑÐ È ÐÎÑÑÈÈ.......................................... 165
ÃËÀÂÀ 10. ÁÅÄÍÎÑÒÜ È ÍÅÐÀÂÅÍÑÒÂÎ........................................ 170
1. ÂÂÎÄÍÛÅ ÇÀÌÅ×ÀÍÈß................................................................... 170
2. ÁÎÃÀÒÛÅ............................................................................................. 170
3. ÈÇÌÅÐÅÍÈÅ ÍÅÐÀÂÅÍÑÒÂÀ........................................................... 173
4. ÈÇÌÅÐÅÍÈÅ ÁÅÄÍÎÑÒÈ................................................................... 174
5. ÓÐÎÂÅÍÜ ÆÈÇÍÈ............................................................................... 176
6. ÀÁÑÎËÞÒÍÀß È ÎÒÍÎÑÈÒÅËÜÍÀß ÁÅÄÍÎÑÒÜ........................ 177
8. ÄÅÏÐÈÂÀÖÈß..................................................................................... 179
9. ÑÓÁÊÓËÜÒÓÐÀ ÁÅÄÍÎÑÒÈ.............................................................. 181
10. ÃÐÓÏÏÛ ÁÅÄÍÛÕ............................................................................ 183
ÃËÀÂÀ 11. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÌÎÁÈËÜÍÎÑÒÜ.................................... 185
1. ÂÂÎÄÍÛÅ ÇÀÌÅ×ÀÍÈß................................................................... 185
2. ÊËÀÑÑÈÔÈÊÀÖÈß ÌÎÁÈËÜÍÎÑÒÈ.............................................. 185
3. ÃÐÓÏÏÎÂÀß ÌÎÁÈËÜÍÎÑÒÜ.......................................................... 187
4. ÈÍÄÈÂÈÄÓÀËÜÍÀß ÌÎÁÈËÜÍÎÑÒÜ: ÑÐÀÂÍÈÒÅËÜÍÛÉ ÀÍÀËÈÇ 188
5. ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÍÀß ÌÎÁÈËÜÍÎÑÒÜ...................................................... 190
6. ÎÁÚÅÌ È ÄÈÑÒÀÍÖÈß ÌÎÁÈËÜÍÎÑÒÈ....................................... 191
7. ÄÅÌÎÃÐÀÔÈ×ÅÑÊÈÅ ÔÀÊÒÎÐÛ ÌÎÁÈËÜÍÎÑÒÈ...................... 192
8. ÌÎÁÈËÜÍÎÑÒÜ Â ÑÑÑÐ.................................................................... 193
9. ÊÀÍÀËÛ ÂÅÐÒÈÊÀËÜÍÎÉ ÌÎÁÈËÜÍÎÑÒÈ................................ 194
10. ÃÐÓÏÏÎÂÀß ÇÀÌÊÍÓÒÎÑÒÜ........................................................ 197
11. ÌÈÃÐÀÖÈß........................................................................................ 198
12. ÒÅÊÓ×ÅÑÒÜ ÊÀÄÐÎÂ....................................................................... 200
ÃËÀÂÀ 12. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈß È ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈÅ..... 202
1. ÂÂÎÄÍÛÅ ÇÀÌÅ×ÀÍÈß................................................................... 202
2. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÀß ÏÐÈÐÎÄÀ ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈß...................................... 203
3. ÑÒÐÓÊÒÓÐÀ ÓÏÐÀÂËÅÍÈß.............................................................. 204
4. ÀÄÕÎÊÐÀÒÈß..................................................................................... 205
5. ÒÅÐÌÈÍÛ ÑÎÂÐÅÌÅÍÍÎÃÎ ÌÅÍÅÄÆÌÅÍÒÀ............................ 205
6.  ×ÅÌ ÎÁÂÈÍßÞÒ ÐÀÁÎ×ÈÕ ÌÅÍÅÄÆÅÐÛ................................ 206
7. ÊÓËÜÒÓÐÍÛÅ ÒÈÏÛ ÐÓÊÎÂÎÄÈÒÅËß......................................... 207
8. ÎÑÍÎÂÍÛÅ ÏÎÍßÒÈß ÑÎÖÈÎËÎÃÈÈ ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈÈ............ 210
9. ÝËÅÌÅÍÒÛ ÎÒÊÐÛÒÎÉ ÑÈÑÒÅÌÛ............................................... 211
10. ÔÎÐÌÀËÜÍÀß È ÍÅÔÎÐÌÀËÜÍÀß ÎÐÃÀÍÈÇÀÖÈß................ 214
11. ÂËÀÑÒÜ È ÀÂÒÎÐÈÒÅÒ................................................................... 216
12. ËÈÄÅÐÑÒÂÎ È ÑÒÈËÜ ÐÓÊÎÂÎÄÑÒÂÀ........................................ 217
13. ßÏÎÍÑÊÈÉ ÌÅÍÅÄÆÌÅÍÒ........................................................... 220
14. ÒÅÎÐÈß ÁÞÐÎÊÐÀÒÈÈ Ì. ÂÅÁÅÐË.............................................. 221
15. ÔÓÍÊÖÈÈ ÁÞÐÎÊÐÀÒÈÈ.............................................................. 224
16. ÄÈÑÔÓÍÊÖÈÈ ÁÞÐÎÊÐÀÒÈÈ...................................................... 225
17. ÂÎÑÒÎ×ÍÀß È ÇÀÏÀÄÍÀß ÁÞÐÎÊÐÀÒÈß................................ 231
18. ÄÅÃÐÀÄÀÖÈß ÝËÈÒÍÛÕ ÃÐÓÏÏ.................................................. 232
19. ÌÀÔÈß È ÁÞÐÎÊÐÀÒÈß................................................................ 235
20. ÆÅËÅÇÍÛÉ ÇÀÊÎÍ ÎËÈÃÀÐÕÈÈ................................................. 237
ÃËÀÂÀ 13. ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÎ È ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÅ ÈÍÑÒÈÒÓÒÛ............ 240
1. ÂÂÎÄÍÛÅ ÇÀÌÅ×ÀÍÈß................................................................... 240
2. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÅ ÈÍÑÒÈÒÓÒÛ........................................................... 240
3. ÔÓÍÊÖÈÎÍÈÐÎÂÀÍÈß ÈÍÑÒÈÒÓÒÎÂ......................................... 242
4. ÒÈÏÎËÎÃÈß È ÔÓÍÊÖÈÈ ÈÍÑÒÈÒÓÒÎÂ..................................... 244
5. ÃÐÀÆÄÀÍÑÊÎÅ ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÎ............................................................ 246
6. ÏÐÈÇÍÀÊÈ ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÀ È ÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÀ................................... 247
7. ÂÇÀÈÌÎÑÂßÇÜ ÃÎÑÓÄÀÐÑÒÂÀ È ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÀ............................ 249
8. ÌÈÐÎÂÀß ÑÈÑÒÅÌÀ È ÖÈÂÈËÈÇÀÖÈß...................................... 250
ÃËÀÂÀ 14. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÏÐÎÃÐÅÑÑ È ÐÀÇÂÈÒÈÅ ÎÁÙÅÑÒÂÀ 254
1. ÂÂÎÄÍÛÅ ÇÀÌÅ×ÀÍÈß................................................................... 254
2. ÑÎÖÈÀËÜÍÛÉ ÏÐÎÃÐÅÑÑ............................................................... 254
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Ó÷åáíîå èçäàíèå
Äàòà äîáàâëåíèÿ: 2014-12-04; ïðîñìîòðîâ: 1367;