ST PETERSBURG

St Petersburg is the second largest city in Russia and one of the most beautiful cities in the world. It was founded in 1703 by Peter the Great as the "Window on the West". Thousands of workmen were brought from all parts of Russia to build a new city on the swampy land at the mouth of the Neva River. Peter the Great was in a hurry. The work was fast and hard, and workmen dropped dead by the hundreds. But the work went on.

In 1917 St Petersburg, a city of great beauty, with palaces, cathedrals, churches, government buildings became the capital. Under later rulers the new capital of the Russian Empire grew rapidly in wealth and beauty. Architects were brought from western Europe to lay out the city in harmonious squares.

Buildings were constructed of grey and rose-coloured granite. The Hermitage Palace and the Winter Palace, the homes of the tsars, were equal to any in Europe.

When the First World War began in 1914, the German-sounding name, St Petersburg, was changed to Petrograd. After the October Revolution the city was renamed after Lenin.

During the Great Patriotic War the city suffered a great deal. The German armies laid siege to it in 1941, and for the next year and a half it was cut off from the rest of the country. No food could be brought in, and people died of starvation. Daily shelling and air raids destroyed parts of the city. Thousands of people were killed. Rebuilding took years.

Now St Petersburg is an important industrial, cultural and educational centre. The population of the city is over 5 million.

St Petersburg is indeed a wonderful city: at every turn there's something to catch your eye. The Winter Palace, the Hermitage, the Russian Museum, St Isaac's Cathedral, the Peter-and-Paul Fortress, the Admiralty building attract thousands of tourists from every corner of the world.

Petersburg's many museums house some of the world's most famous art collections. The Hermitage, for example, contains the richest collection of pictures in the world.

The city is called the Northern Venice because there are 65 rivers, arms and canals there with artistically decorated bridges. It's also famous for its beautiful white nights.

Names

St Petersburg [sent 'p!:tezb3:g] Санкт-Петербург Peter the Great Петр Великий (Петр I)

the Neva ['neiva] Нева

the Hermitage ['haimitidj] Palace Эрмитаж

the Winter Palace Зимний дворец

Petrograd ['petragraed] Петроград

the Russian Museum Русский музей

St Isaac's Cathedral [sent ,aizaks ka-eh

Исаакиевский собор

the Peter-and-Paul Fortress ['pi:taran'po:l 'fcxtris]

Петропавловская крепость

the Admiralty ['aedmiralti] Адмиралтейство

Vocabulary

swampy ['swompi] болотистый

mouth [таив] устье (реки)

to drop dead [ded] упасть замертво

by the hundreds сотнями

ruler ['ru:la] правитель

empire ['empale] империя

rapidly ['raepidli] быстро

to lay out планировать

harmonious [ha:'meunjas] гармоничный

granite ['graenrt] гранит

equal [1:kwal] равный, не уступающий

to rename переименовывать

to suffer ['sAfa] страдать

to lay siege [si:d3] to осадить

starvation [sta:'veijn] голод

shelling ['Jelirj] бомбежки

air raid ['ea reid] воздушный налет

to destroy [di'stroi] разрушать

to catch smb's eye привлечь внимание, поразить

to attract [a'traekt] привлекать, притягивать

arm рукав (реки)

canal [ka'nael] канал

artistically [a:'tistikali] мастерски

to decorate ['dekareit] украшать

bridge [brid3] мост