Knowledge Test

1. The structure of the judicial system of the Russian Federation is determined
by....

a) the Charter Party

b) the Constitution

c) the IMO Convention

d) a Europe agreement

2. Which of the following doesn't the system of arbitration courts of the Russian
Federation comprise?

a) the Higher Arbitration Court

b) Arbitration courts of subjects of the Russian Federation

c) the International Arbitration Association

d) Courts of arbitration districts

3. Federal laws concerning general jurisdiction are presented to... .

a) the President of the Russian Federation

b) the Russian Science Academy

c) the Free Enterprise association

d) the State Duma

4. The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation is the supreme judicial body for
the following cases, except

a) religious

b) criminal

c) administrative

d) civil

5. Judicial power in the Russian Federation is performed only by courts in the per­
sons of... .

a) teachers and doctors

b) judges and jurors

c) students and professors

d) politicians and leaders

6. Federal constitutional law is an integral part of... .

a) system of knowledge

b) railway system

c) judicial system

d) system of education

7. Which of the given below doesn't ensure the unity of judicial system of the Rus­sian Federation?

a) A) observance of the rules of court procedure

b) b) application of the constitution of the Russian Federation

c) с) acceptance of compulsory execution and judicial decisions

d) d) financing of large corporations and small business

1. Introduction to the Judicial System of the Russian Fed­eration

The existing judicial system of the Russian Federation was formed and is being de­veloped as a result of a judicial reform carried out in Russia from the beginning of the 90s with the purpose to create and maintain the judicial power in the state mechanism as an independent branch of power, free from political and ideological bias, inde­pendent in its activities from the executive and legislative branches of power. The structure of the judicial system of the Russian Federation and the sphere of ac­tivities of its various parts are determined by the Constitution and federal constitu­tional laws. The judicial system of the Russian Federation consists of:

- the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation and constitutional courts of the republics and other subjects of the Russian Federation. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation considers cases relating to the cpmpliance of the federal laws, normative acts of the President of the Russian Federation, the Council of the Federation, the State Duma, the Government of the Russian Federation, constitutions of republics, charters and other normative acts of the subjects of Russian Federation with the Constitution of the Russian Federation

- four-tiered system of courts of general jurisdiction. Three-tiered system of the military courts is an integral part of it. The Supreme Court of the Russian Federa­tion is the supreme judicial body of this branch ;

- three-level system of arbitration courts with the Higher Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation as a supreme judicial body competent to settle economic disputes and other cases considered by arbitration courts, exercise judicial supervision over their activities according to the federal law-envisaged procedural forms . The system of the arbitration courts comprises: arbitration courts of the subjects of the Russian Federation; courts of arbitration districts (10) and the Higher Arbitration Court.

The system of general jurisdiction courts has the following structure: The first tier comprises all general jurisdiction rayon (district) courts-city, intermunicipal and equal to them - acting on the territory of Russia. Middle tier of general ju­risdiction courts includes the supreme courts of the republics, kray (regional) , oblast(provincial) courts, city courts of Moscow and St.-Petersburg, courts of autonomous provinces and autonomous districts. The main tier of military courts the military courts of armies, fleets, garrisons and military formations. The middle tier of military courts consists of military courts of the branches of the Armed Forces, military dis­tricts, districts of antiaircraft defence, navy and separate armies. The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation is the supreme judicial body for all courts of general jurisdiction, both civil and military.

Rayon courts form the basis of the system of general jurisdiction courts of the Rus­sian Federation. The law attributes to the jurisdiction of rayon courts all civil cases, overwhelming majority of criminal cases and cases relating to administrative of­fences. Rayon courts act as a higher judicial instance for the Justices of the Peace op­erating on the territory of the appropriate judicial district.

Justices of the Peace are judges of the subjects of the Russian Federation and form an integral part of the system of courts of general jurisdiction, participating in the work of its bodies.

Courts of general jurisdiction: of kray , oblast, city, of autonomous oblast and autonomous districts act as higher instance courts for rayon courts. The courts of this tier of the judicial system are empowered to carry out all the pow­ers of a judicial instance, namely to examine cases as a first instance court in the or­der of cassation, by way of supervision and upon newly discovered evidence. They work in the following composition: presidium of the court, judicial panel for civil

cases and judicial panel for criminal cases.

-executive and legislative branches of power - исполнительная и законодательная ветвь власти,

- ideological bias - идеологическое предубеждение;

- normative acts - нормативные акты;

- four-tiered system of courts - четырехуровневая система суда;

- law-envisaged -предусмотренные законом;

- overwhelming majority - подавляющее большинство,

- administrative offences - административные нарушения.

2. Answer the questions on the text "Introduction to the Judicial System of the Russian Federation"

1. Is the existing judicial system of the Russian Federation an independent branch of power?

2. Does the Russian Federation judicial system follow the activities of executive and legislative branches of power?

3. What is the structure of the Russian Federation judicial system determined by?

4. What does the Russian Federation judicial system consist of?

5. What is the higher Arbitration Court of Russian Federation competent to settle?

6. What cases does the Constitutional Court consider?

7. What is the structure of the system of general jurisdiction courts?