Come! Come! Come now!

Here’s a bus coming! Hurry up!!!

Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.

NB!Listen to the sound [a:] with R pronounced, as in North America (A 63):

far bar heart march card star start charm chart

In South East England, the letter A followed by S, F, TH, N is often pronounced [a:]:

ask fast after path bath dance aunt

In North America, the single letter O is pronounced [a:]:

God strong lock top

Ex.9 Listen to these sentences. Is the accent from North America or South East England? Write Am or Eng, as in the example. (A67)

EXAMPLE He asked her to dance. ____Eng______

1. We started in March. ________

2. It’s a fast car. _________

3. My heart’s strong. _______

4. Where’s the bar? _________

5. It stops and starts. ________

6. A glass of beer. _________

7. Was his hair dark or fair? ________

Ex.10 Play this lengthening game. Choose any words from the list below.

EXAMPLE

Student A: My uncle went to Argentina and spent a lot of money. He bought a bottle of rum.

Student B: My uncle went to Argentina and spent a lot of money. He bought a bottle of rum and a guitar.

Each student adds something to the list, and you must remember what the other students have said.

Practise saying the words before you start:

a cup a rubber duck

a bus a scarf

some nuts a glass

comfortable gloves a carpet

a brush a car

a dozen buns coloured sunglasses

Endings adding a syllable

-s endings (plural, third person singular, possessive) / -ed endings (past tense)

Normally an ending does not add up an extra syllable to the word (hat [hæt] CVC – hats [hæts] СVСС or play [pleı] CCV – played [pleıd] CCVC).

But sometimes endings are another syllable (fax [fæks] is one syllable, but faxes [fæksız] is two syllables or hate [heıt] is one syllable, but hated [heıtıd] is two syllables)

Ex.11 Write the third person forms of the verbs from the box in the correct part of the table below. Then listen, check and repeat. (B28)

1 syllable O	sings
2 syllables Oo	watches

Ex.12 Write the past tense of the verbs from the box in the correct part of the table. Then listen, check and repeat. (B33)

1 syllable O	walked
2 syllables Oo	hated

NB!With –s endings we sometimes get a lot of consonant sounds together at the end syllables, for example, facts [fækts]. Many speakers of English make it simpler and do not pronounce one of the consonants, for example, they may pronounce facts like fax [fæks].

Ex.13 These speakers are not pronouncing all the consonants at the end of some words. What are they saying? Write the sentences.

___________________ __________________ ___________________ ___________________

(sounds like [hæns] up. My favourite [sΛbdʒәks] There are many The [wınz] very strong

chemistry. [kaıns] of whales. today.

Ex.14 Complete each sentence with the past tense of a verb from the box to follow a pattern. In each sentence, the first sound of the verb is the same as the first sound in the person’s name. Then listen, check and repeat. (B34)

OOO	OoOoOo
Paul ___played___ games. Ken _____________ lunch. Fred ____________ friends. Marge ___________ drinks. Will ____________ films.	Peter ___painted____ pictures. Karen _____________ money. Stella ______________ singing. Alice _______________ sugar. Sheila _____________ loudly.

Ex. 15 Match the beginnings and ends of these rhymes.

1. The people queued a) was never found

2. The things you missed b) are on the board

3. The man controlled c) and then she smiled

4. She saw the child d) to build on sand

5. The boat that crossed e) are on the list

6. The man who drowned f) until she coughed

7. The snow we rolled g) the nation’s gold

8. Her voice was soft h) to buy the food

9. The points we scored i) was nearly lost

10. We never planned j) was hard and cold.

Keeping your speaking turn

In a dialogue sometimes you need time to think your answer over, in this case you have to show that you want to continue talking, that you are still in the conversation, otherwise your interlocutor might think that you are not going to answer. Traditionally we make the word before the pause longer (in transcription we use the lines of six dots ::: to show such pauses).

A: What did you think of the music?

B: Well, it was::: interesting.

We often say noises like ehm to keep our speaking turn while we are thinking of what to say or doing something else. In the example below, the speaker says it to keep his speaking turn while he looks at his watch.

A: What’s the time?

B: Let’s see, it’s ehm::: nearly seven.

Ex.16 In all of these conversations, the second speaker is doing something else at the same time as speaking. Guess which of these things the second speaker is doing and write it. Then listen and check. (C19)